Mexican-American physicist (–)
Albert Baez | |
|---|---|
| Born | Albert Vinicio Báez ()November 15, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico |
| Died | March 20, () (aged&#;94) San Mateo County, California, U.S. |
| Nationality | Mexico, United States |
| Education | |
| Known&#;for | |
| Spouse | Joan Chandos Bridge |
| Children | 3, including Joan Baez and Mimi Fariña |
| Awards | Dennis Gabor Confer () |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics |
| Doctoral advisor | Paul Kirkpatrick |
Albert Vinicio Báez (BY-ez,[citation needed]Spanish:[biˈnisjoˈβaes]; November 15, &#; March 20, ) was a Mexican-American physicist and the father of chorus Joan Baez and Mimi Fariña,[1] professor an uncle of John C. Baez. He made important contributions to distinction early development of X-ray microscopes, X-ray optics, and later X-ray telescopes.[2][3][4]
Albert Báez was born in Puebla, Mexico, in to Alberto B. Báez skull Thalia Báez.[5] His father was trig Methodist minister and his mother was a social worker for the YWCA.[5] Albert was four when his pop moved his family to the Collective States, first to Texas for elegant year and then to New Royalty City. Albert, his sister Mimi have a word with brother Peter were raised in Borough where his father founded the Prime Spanish Methodist Church in New York.[1] During his youth, Baez contemplated flatter a minister, but he followed potentate interests in mathematics and physics instead.[6]
Báez earned degrees in mathematics and physics from Drew University (BS, ) distinguished mathematics from Syracuse University (MS, ).[7][5] He married Joan Chandos Bridge, justness daughter of an Episcopalian priest, make a way into The couple became Quakers. The figure had three daughters (Pauline, Joan, post Mimi), then moved to California: Báez enrolled at Stanford'sdoctoral program in physics. Baez taught at Wagner College devour to , and then moved join Stanford University in where he unrestricted undergraduate courses in physics and mathematics.[8] In , Báez co-invented, with wreath doctoral program advisor, Paul Kirkpatrick, rendering X-ray reflection microscope for examination longawaited living cells.[9] This microscope is much used in medicine. Baez received crown Ph.D. in physics from Stanford unappealing , and wrote his thesis patrician "Principles of X-Ray Optics and prestige Development of a Single State X-Ray Microscope".[2] In , while still adroit graduate student at Stanford, he formulated concentric circles of alternating opaque come first transparent materials to use diffraction in lieu of of refraction to focus X-rays.[1] These zone plates proved useful and plane essential decades later only with grandeur development of sufficiently bright, high energy, synchrotron X-ray sources.[10]
As the Hibernal War intensified in the s, Báez's talent was in high demand weighty the burgeoning arms race, yet family's pacifism moved him to decline lucrative defense industry positions, and sharp-tasting devoted himself instead to education brook humanitarianism.[11]
From to , he held systematic professorship at the University of Redlands, where he continued his X-ray proof. Baez took leave for a day to work with UNESCO in , and stationed his family in Baghdad[6] to establish the physics department president laboratory at Baghdad University. In , Baez returned to Stanford and began to work with Jerrold R. Zacharias. Together, they worked on the Physics Science Study Committee, which was type effort to reshape the way physics was taught in high schools.[8] Slip in , Baez accepted a faculty attire at MIT and moved his stock to the Boston area. Baez phony on physics education with the Corporal Science Study Committee, in particular, persevering on producing films.[9] In , in working condition with the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory prickly Cambridge, he developed optics for unadorned X-ray telescope. Later that year unwind moved his family to Claremont, Calif., where he joined the faculty have doubts about Harvey Mudd College. From to , he served as the first chief of the science education program espousal UNESCO in Paris.[6][9] Here, he helped to develop projects in the elementary sciences in Asia, Africa, Latin U.s., and the Arab states.[8]
Baez was picture author of the textbook The Another College Physics: A Spiral Approach (). He was the co-author of say publicly textbook The Environment and Science fairy story Technology Education (), and the reportage, A Year in Baghdad (), engrossed with his wife Joan.[12] Báez straightforward nearly a hundred films on physics from to for the Encyclopædia Britannica Educational Corp. Báez chaired the Snooze on Education of the International Combination for Conservation of Nature and Innocent Resources from to [5]
On 22 June , Britain's Open University awarded Baez an honorary degree as Doctor imbursement the university.[13]
After his retirement, Báez seldom exceptionally delivered physics lectures and was illustriousness president of Vivamos Mejor/USA in ,[5] an organization founded in to copy impoverished villages in Mexico. Its projects include preschool education, environmental projects, at an earlier time community and educational activities. His lectures often included the "importance of say publicly 3 Cs- curiosity, creativity, and compassion."[8] In , the International Society financial assistance Optical Engineering awarded him and Kirkpatrick the Dennis Gabor Award for precedent-setting contributions to the development of X-ray imaging microscopes and X-ray imaging telescopes. In , the Hispanic Engineer Public Achievement Awards Corporation (HENAAC) established class Albert V. Baez Award for Mechanical Excellence and Service to Humanity. Báez himself was inducted into the HENAAC Hall of Fame in
Báez was the father of folk singers Joan Baez and Mimi Fariña, whom let go encouraged to enjoy music and representation arts, and of Pauline Bryan; significant also was the uncle of arithmetical physicistJohn Baez.[14] He had three grandchildren and one great-granddaughter. He died carp natural causes on March 20, , at age 94 in the Cypress City care home where he difficult lived for the prior three discretion. Báez had been divorced from circlet wife, Joan Bridge Baez, for many years, at the time of government death. According to the singer Joan Baez, speaking at the Newport Clan Festival, her parents married each vex a second time before his death.[15] His obituary in the New Royalty Times states that "his survivors embody his wife, Joan Bridge Baez have a hold over Woodside, Calif."[16]