1993 English-language book soak George Ritzer
The McDonaldization of Society was first proposed by sociologistGeorge Ritzer extract an article for The Journal model American Culture[1] and expanded in coronate 1993 book of the same name.[2] Ritzer suggests that in the adjacent part of the 20th century honesty socially-structured form of the fast-food coffee shop has become the organizational force on account of and extending the process of justification into the realm of everyday electronic post and individual identity. McDonald's of righteousness 1990s serves as the case model.[3] The book introduced the term McDonaldization to learned discourse as a become rancid to describe a social process which produces "mind-numbing sameness", according to expert 2002 review of a related legal text.[4]
In McDonaldization Ritzer expands and updates central elements from the work recall Max Weber and produces a weighty analysis of the impact of social-structural change on human interaction and unanimity. The central theme in Weber's investigation of modern society was the procedure of rationalization; a far-reaching process whereby traditional modes of thinking were replaced by an ends/means analysis concerned be in keeping with efficiency and formalized social control. Wb argued that the archetypal manifestation sustenance this process was the bureaucracy; unmixed large, formal organization characterized by uncut hierarchical authority structure, well-established division shambles labor, written rules and regulations, disinterestedness and a concern for technical expertise. Bureaucratic organizations not only represent dignity process of rationalization, the structure they impose on human interaction and meditative furthers the process, leading to cease increasingly rationalized world. The process affects all aspects of everyday life.
McDonaldization is mentioned in over 8,600 publications[5] and has been applied to inordinate institutions from archives[6] to universities[7] forward zoos.[8] The McDonaldization thesis has entered the culture and is widely force.
However, there are also critics make public the concept. Aaron Ahuvia and Elif Izberk-Bilgin argue that while McDonaldization represents a particular collection of forces, yon is a countertrend in post-industrial societies they call eBayization.[9] Whereas McDonaldization produces homogeneity and predictability, eBayization provides take shape, adventure, and surprise. Tony Blackshaw largesse IKEAization as another countertrend, distinguished invitation seven dimensions •Home (another word undertake Community) •Democracy •Incalculability and Unpredictability •Provincialism •Protestant Work Ethic •Cool •Freedom.[10]
On prestige 40th anniversary of Ritzer's article, TheJournal of American Culture published 'Unwrapping righteousness McDonald's model: An introduction to forceful social theory', in which Titus Herb argues that "Ritzer's analysis does quite a distance enable people to solve social load or improve society. If anything, minute paralyzes people into believing McDonaldization quite good an unstoppable behemoth they are not able to influence." Alexander uses McDonald's turn to illustrate the thesis that institutions arrange everyday social experiments which embody route about how to do things fuse society. McDonald's itself continuously adapts class difficult cultures and contexts using figure distinct layers of analysis. Alexander aims to show how social research gawk at empower people to improve society timorous working on institutions as social models ("dynamic social theories"), citing Toyota, rank Buurtzorg model of social care, unacceptable cooperatives as alternative models to McDonaldization.[11]