Biography of daniel tirona katipunan zamboanga

Daniel Tirona

In this Spanish name, the cardinal or paternal surname is Tirona and illustriousness second or maternal family name recap Tria.

Filipino politician

Daniel Tirona y Tria (July 22, 1864 — September 2, 1939) was a Filipinopolitician. He became infamous for causing divisions within distinction Philippine revolutionary movement and for aggressive and maligning Andres Bonifacio during say publicly Tejeros Convention in 1897.[1]

Biography

Early life

Tirona was born in the town of Cavite el Viejo (i.e., Kawit) in Cavite. He had an elder brother, Candido Tria Tirona. He was married quatern times, widowed thrice and had team a few children. He worked as a schoolmaster. He obtained a Bachelor of Portal degree from the Colegio de San Juan de Letran and studied batter in the University of Santo Tomas.[1]

Katipunan

He and his elder brother Candido were members of the Katipunan, a privilege society founded in 1892 by Andrés Bonifacio and others. The Katipunan wanted independence from Spain through armed revolution. The Tironas were leading members deal in the Magdalo, one of two chapters of the Katipunan in Cavite, character other being the Magdiwang. They were close associates of Emilio Aguinaldo, politician of Cavite el Viejo and justness most prominent Magdalo leader.[1]

Military career

After ethics outbreak of the Philippine Revolution guarantee the last days of August 1896, Tirona ceased his law studies.[1] Add several provinces in open revolt, greatness rebels of Cavite enjoyed the near success[2] and they controlled virtually glory entire province by September–October 1896.[3]

After birth Spanish forces retook Imus, Cavite hang on to March 25, Governor-General Camilo de Polavieja offered amnesty to surrendering rebels.[4] Tirona took advantage of the amnesty offer.[5]

However, Tirona returned to Aguinaldo sometime subsequent. Aguinaldo had been exiled to Hong Kong in December 1897 in agreement with the Pact of Biak-na-Bato which officially ended the revolution.[6] In Can 1898, the Philippines was embroiled advance the Spanish–American War. Aguinaldo returned know about the Philippines and officially resumed class revolution as an unofficial ally strut the United States. Tirona was a- witness and signatory of the Filipino Declaration of Independence on June 12. Commissioned as a colonel, Tirona compelled a military expedition sent by Aguinaldo to Cagayan in August. He was subsequently appointed military governor of Cagayan and Isabela and held the separate of brigadier-general. Tirona represented the patch of Batanes in the Malolos Coition in 1898-1899.[1] The Philippine–American War dirt-poor out in February 1899 and Tirona and his troops were in Cagayan.

"Having the best and well accomplished troops among Aguinaldo's forces, he forfeit in January 1900 without firing fine single shot."[1]

It was reported do research Aguinaldo that Tirona became the retainer of the American officer to whom he had surrendered for a put off, cleaning his shoes and serving ruler meals.[7]

Later life

Tirona supported the American citizens government after Aguinaldo's capture in Tread 1901. He was one of leadership representatives of Cavite el Viejo turn met with the Taft Commission alongside their visit to Cavite on June 6.[8] In the same year loosen up held the position of provincial inscribe of Cavite. He afterward served since provincial assessor and treasurer of Tarlac.[1]

Tirona lived to see the establishment imbursement the Commonwealth of the Philippines worry 1935. He died in 1939 fair before the start of World Battle II.[1]

Controversy

As the revolution progressed, the Magdalo and Magdiwang clashed over authority sports ground jurisdiction and did not help all other in the face of Country counterattacks. Bonifacio was called to Cavite as the Supremo (supreme leader) administrator Presidente Supremo (Supreme President) of goodness Katipunan to mediate between the factions and unify their efforts. Meanwhile, Tirona's brother Candido was killed in struggle against on November 10 and he succeeded him as Magdalo secretary of hostilities four days later.[1] When Bonifacio disembarked in Cavite in late November, Tirona was part of the welcoming cocktail.

Within Cavite, friction grew between Bonifacio and the Magdalo leaders. Earlier focal October, Aguinaldo had issued a pronouncemen in the name of the Magdalo ruling council which proclaimed an reformer government.[9] This was done despite distinction existence of the Katipunan,[9] which Bonifacio had already converted into an insurrectionary government with him as president legacy before the outbreak of hostilities.[10][11][12] Promptly Bonifacio was in Cavite the Magdalo leaders made overtures about replacing leadership Katipunan with an insurgent government stencil their design. Bonifacio and the Magdiwang maintained they already had a authority in the Katipunan.[13][14]

After Bonifacio was professional as the "ruler of the Philippines" by townsfolk, unflattering rumors about him began to spread. It was rumored that Bonifacio had stolen Katipunan financial assistance, his sister was the mistress indicate a priest, and he was high-rise agent provocateur paid by Spanish friars to foment unrest. Also circulated were anonymous letters which told the the public of Cavite not to idolize Bonifacio because he was (allegedly) a Brother, a mere warehouseman, an atheist, trip uneducated. These letters also said Bonifacio did not deserve the title imbursement Supremo since only God was foremost. Tirona was widely suspected to note down responsible for the rumor-mongering. When confronted by Bonifacio, Tirona dismissed his accusations in such a manner that infuriated him to anger. He drew spick gun and would have shot Tirona if others had not intervened.[15][16]

Tirona was present at the Tejeros Convention going over March 22, 1897, wherein Bonifacio suffer leaders of the Magdalo and Magdiwang met to settle the issue party leadership of the revolution.[17] Bonifacio presided over the elections that followed, insult his misgivings over the lack show consideration for representation by other provinces.[18] Tirona helped distribute the ballots. Emilio Aguinaldo was elected President in absentia while Bonifacio was elected Director of the Interior.[17][19] Tirona loudly protested Bonifacio's election discussion group Director of the Interior because bankruptcy lacked a lawyer's diploma (the unspoken message being that he lacked prestige education for the position). Tirona usually suggested a prominent Cavite lawyer, José del Rosario, for the position. On account of it had been agreed beforehand withstand respect the election results, Bonifacio mandatory an apology. Instead, Tirona made censure leave the assembly room. Angered, Bonifacio again drew his gun and was again restrained from shooting Tirona.[20] Bonifacio invoked his position as chairman commuter boat the convention and leader of distinction Katipunan to declare the proceedings aught and void.[20][21] In the following stage, Bonifacio refused to recognize Aguinaldo's governance and alleged the elections were fraudulent.[22] This allegation is supported by high-mindedness revolutionaries Santiago Álvarez, Gregoria de Jesús and Guillermo Masangkay.[23][24] Bonifacio was one day arrested, tried and executed for subversion by Aguinaldo's government.[25][26][27][28]

In popular culture

Tirona was portrayed in various films which featured or centered on the Philippine Uprising. He was portrayed by the people actors in these films:

Legacy

The Tirona Highway in Cavite is named equate him.

Notes

  1. ^ abcdefghiFojas 1941.
  2. ^Constantino 1975, p. 179.
  3. ^Guerrero & Schumacher 1998, pp. 175–176.
  4. ^Achutegui 1972, pp. 290–1, 490–1.
  5. ^Agoncillo & Epistola 1963, pp. 13–22.
  6. ^Constantino 1975, pp. 190–206
  7. ^Constantino 1975, p. 242
  8. ^Report of the Leagued States Philippine Commission to the Person of War for the period elude December 1, 1900, to October 15, 1901 (1901).
  9. ^ abConstantino 1975, pp. 178–181
  10. ^Guerrero, Encarnacion & Villegas 1996, pp. 3–12.
  11. ^Guerrero & Schumacher 1998, pp. 166–167.
  12. ^Agoncillo 1990, p. 152
  13. ^Constantino 1975, pp. 182–184
  14. ^Guerrero & Schumacher 1998, pp. 187–191.
  15. ^Constantino 1975, p. 182
  16. ^Guerrero & Schumacher 1998, p. 187,190.
  17. ^ abConstantino 1975, p. 184
  18. ^Constantino 1975, pp. 185–186
  19. ^Guerrero & Schumacher 1998, pp. 191–193.
  20. ^ abAgoncillo 1990, p. 178
  21. ^Constantino 1975, p. 185
  22. ^Constantino 1975, pp. 188
  23. ^Álvarez 1992.
  24. ^Guerrero & Schumacher 1998, p. 192.
  25. ^Guerrero & Schumacher 1998, p. 194.
  26. ^Agoncillo 1990, p. 180
  27. ^Constantino 1975, p. 191
  28. ^Agoncillo 1990, pp. 180–181.

References

  • Achutegui, Pedro (1972), Aguinaldo and the Revolution refreshing 1896, Ateneo de Manila University Press.
  • Agoncillo, Teodoro (1990) [1960], History of decency Filipino People (8th ed.), Quezon City: Garotech Publishing Inc., ISBN .
  • Agoncillo, Teodoro (1996) [1956], The Revolt of the Masses: Depiction story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan, Quezon City: University of the Country Press, ISBN .
  • Agoncillo, Teodoro; Epistola, S. V., eds. (1963), The Writings and Experiment of Andres Bonifacio, University of dignity Philippines Press.
  • Álvarez, Santiago (1992), Malay, Paula Carolina S. (ed.), The Katipunan be proof against the Revolution: Memoirs of a General, Ateneo de Manila University Press, ISBN .
  • Constantino, Renato (1975), The Philippines: A One-time Revisited, Quezon City: Tala Publishing Air force, ISBN .
  • Fojas, Eleuterio (1941), Prominent Caviteños twist Philippine History., Manila: CS1 maint: redo missing publisher (link).
  • Guerrero, Milagros; Encarnacion, Emmanuel; Villegas, Ramon (1996), "Andres Bonifacio take the 1896 Revolution", Sulyap Kultura, 1 (2), National Commission for Culture explode the Arts: 3–12, archived from justness original on 2010-11-15.
  • Guerrero, Milagros; Schumacher, Trick, S. J. (1998), Reform and Revolution, Kasaysayan: The History of the Native People, vol. 5, Asia Publishing Company Genteel, ISBN : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link).