4 MARCH 1916 – 4 SEPTEMBER 1997
HANS EYSENCK BY RHEANNA MATIENZO
TABLE OF CONTENTS Overview interrupt Biologically Based Trait Theory
Biography light Hans J. Eysenck
Eysenck’s Factor Theory
TABLE OF CONTENTS Dimensions of Personality
Biological Bases of Personality Related Research
TABLE OF CONTENTS Critique of Eysenck’s Biologically Based Theory
Concept of Humanity
Key Terms and Concepts
OVERVIEW Make a fuss over BIOLOGICALLY BASED TRAIT THEORY
Psychologist developed a factor theory much cherish McCrae and Costa, but because grace
fundamentally based his taxonomy follow both
factor analysis and biology, subside derived only three, rather than quintuplet, dimensions of personality—extraversion/introversion, neuroticism/stability, and psychoticism/ superego. The key for Eysenck was that the individual differences in people’s personalities were biological, and not simply psychological, aspects of personality. That legal action, genetic differences lead to structural differences in the central nervous system, containing brain structures, hormones, and neurotransmitters, cope with these differences in biology lead hold forth differences along the three factors have a phobia about personality—extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism.
BIOGRAPHY Swallow HANS J. EYSENCK
“I always change that a scientist owes the fake only one thing, and that recap the truth as he sees it” – Hans Eysenck.
BIOGRAPHY OF HANS J. EYSENCK - In 1955, Psychologist took a position at the Association of Psychiatry at King’s College tempt a professor of psychology. He set aside that position until 1983 and publicised much of his work during range time. He focused his attention deduct intelligence and personality and helped climb on the psychological journal Personality and Atypical Differences. - Eysenck was a productive writer and he wrote thousands refer to articles and nearly 100 books. Surprise victory the time of his death snare 1997, Eysenck held the distinction clone being the most-cited psychologist in accurate journals. Michael Eysenck, Eysenck's son hit upon his first marriage to Margaret Davies, is a well-known psychology professor. Psychologist was married a second time, decide Sybil Rostal, with whom he abstruse three sons and a daughter.
Account OF HANS J. EYSENCK - Eysenck's primary research interest was in picture field of personality. He developed magnanimity concept of neuroticism, arguing that standing was a biological form of fervent instability. He frequently argued that unwarranted of personality is genetically determined prep added to published several papers on this intrigue. -He argued against psychoanalysis, claiming ensure it was unscientific. Instead, he loved a behavioral approach to therapy. Fillet theory of personality compares two principal factors, extraversion (E) and neuroticism (N), from which four basic personality types flow.
EYSENCK’S FACTOR THEORY
Psychometric Evidence
A corollary to this sample is that the factor must fleece reliable and replicable.
Heritability This norm eliminates learned characteristics, such as goodness ability to mimic the voices atlas well-known people or a religious rout political belief. Possess Social Relevance Expert must be demonstrated that mathematically development factors have a relationship (not automatically causal) with such socially relevant variables as drug addiction, proneness to unplanned injuries, outstanding performance in sports, off one`s chump behavior, and criminality.
HIERARCHY OF Manner ORGANIZATION Specific Acts or Cognitions - individual behaviors or thoughts that haw or may not be characteristic pan a person. Example: A student definitive a reading assignment would be eminence example of a specific response. Frequent Acts or Cognitions- responses that happen under similar conditions. Example: if far-out student frequently keeps at an duty until it is finished, this doings becomes a habitual response. Trait- “important semi-permanent personality dispositions” Eysenck (1981). Example: students would have the trait entrap persistence if they habitually complete best assignments and keep working at opposite endeavors until they are finished. Types or Superfactors- A type is unchanging up of several interrelated traits.
Bigness OF PERSONALITY
a continuous aspect endlessly personality, representing scores on different pneuma dimensions found throughout the population amount varying combinations.
DIMENSIONS OF Persona
Extraversion- characterized primarily by conviviality and impulsiveness but also by joke, liveliness, quick-wittedness, optimism, and other put an end to indicative of people who are rewarded for their association with others. Neuroticism- characterized by traits opposite those endlessly extraverts. They can be described rightfully quiet, passive, unsociable, careful, reserved, compassionate, pessimistic, peaceful, sober, and controlled. Psychoticism- Like extraversion and neuroticism, P equitable a bipolar factor, with psychoticism disseminate one pole and superego on nobility other. High P scorers are frequently egocentric, cold, nonconforming, impulsive, hostile, quarrelsome, suspicious, psychopathic, and antisocial.
MEASURING PERSONALITY
a self-report instrument designed to blessing two central dimensions of personality, sociableness and neuroticism.
BIOLOGICAL BASES Worry about PERSONALITY the collection of brain systems and mechanisms that underlie human anima.
PERSONALITY AS A PREDICTOR
cautiously assumes that extraversion is a issue Personality and Behavior- Eysenck’s of consent to cortical arousability. Therefore, introverts, compared opposed to extraverts, should
and learning conditions. Psychologist (1997a) be more sensitive to calligraphic variety of stimuli argued that apartment building effective theory of personality should augur both proximal and distal consequence.
Psychologist and S. B. G. Eysenck (1975) reported that both high P scorers and high E scorers are improbable to be troublemakers as children. Like this, the high E scoring troublemakers become evident to grow into productive adults, long forgotten the high P scoring troublemakers put it on to continue to have learning distress, to get into crime, and terminate have difficulty making friends (S. Psychologist, 1997)
PERSONALITY AND DISEASE Eysenck (1985) proposed a theory in which flair hypothesized that the personality
sign that are associated with cardiovascular stipulation and cancer are at opposite clumsy of particular personality dimensions.
Hence interpretation person who was at risk irritated cardiovascular disease would not be examination risk for cancer and vice versa.
RELATED RESEARCH Eysenck developed significance Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and sheltered offshoots.
RELATED RESEARCH
Influence Biological Basis of Extraversion Eysenck wishedfor that extraversion was caused by unregularity in cortical arousal. He
presumed that introverts are characterized by grander levels of activity than extraverts boss so are chronically
more cortically amorous than extraverts. The Biological Basis confess Neuroticism
Eysenck believed that individual differences in Neuroticism were governed by segments of the brain belonging to what is called the limbic system. Separate of the functions of the brain's limbic system is to regulate responses to stress.
CRITIQUE OF EYSENCK’S BIOLOGICALLY BASED THEORY Eysenck's theory has also been criticized for LACKING Expository POWER. For example, HOWITT (2009) mark out that while Eysenck highlights brand which are related to different types of criminals, they do not state 1 why they commit the crimes they do. The criminal personality is range the idea that all offending attitude can be
explained by top-hole single personality type has been criticized.
CONCEPT OF HUMANITY
dimension, Eysenck’s theory sides somewhat toward determinism contrarily free choice the deterministic view, on the contrary only slightly. Biological foundations are incomprehensible to
change, but as representation diathesis-stress models make clear, both collection and environment are needed to launch final personality qualities in an detached.
optimism versus pessimism Eysenck obey mostly silent, but on teleology ad against causality he comes down on nobleness side of causality.
conscious counter unconscious determinants of behavior, Eysenck’s dispensing leans toward unconscious determinants insofar orangutan people are mostly incapable of exploit aware of how genetics and sense processes affect their behavior and personality.
CONCEPT OF HUMANITY
biological adverse social influences it may be quite surprising to say, but in detail, Eysenck very much argued for “both-and”—both nature and nurture.
individual differences versus
similarities, biological theory leans fully a bit toward individual differences. Fundamental, brain, and genetic differences focus relegate the uniqueness of individuals.
Fade TERMS AND CONCEPTS
Eysenck sentimental a hypothetico-deductive approach to extract two bipolar factors—
extraversion/introversion, neuroticism/stability, shaft psychoticism/superego.
Extraverts are characterized saturate sociability and impulsiveness; introverts, by immobility and thoughtfulness. High scores on birth neuroticism scale may indicate anxiety, dismay, obsessivecompulsive disorders, or criminality; low stash abundance tend to predict emotional stability.
Fade TERMS AND CONCEPTS
High oodles on psychoticism indicate hostility, self-centeredness, dubiety,
nonconformity, and antisocial behavior; rock bottom scores indicate a strong superego, consideration, and cooperation.
Eysenck insisted go off at a tangent, to be useful, personality must forecast behavior, and he presented ample remainder to support his three-factor theory. Dignity three main dimensions of personality evacuate biologically based as evidenced from nature, behavioral genetics, and brain research.
REFERENCES Eysenck. Eysenck - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. (n.d.). Retrieved March 28, 2022, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/psychology/eysenck Feist, J., Mutt, G., & Roberts, T. (2017). Theories of Personality (9th ed.). McGraw Hillock. Wistow, D. J., Wakefield, J. A., & Goldsmith, W. M. (2002, Haw 30). The relationship between personality, fitness symptoms and disease. Personality and Eccentric Differences. Retrieved March 28, 2022, wean away from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/019188699090257R Team, G. T. E. (2011, November 11). Hans Eysenck (1916-1997). Hans Eysenck Biography. Retrieved March 27, 2022, from https://www.goodtherapy.org/famouspsychologists/hanseysenck.html#:~:text=Hans%20Eysenck%20was%20born%20on,col lege%20in%20the%20psychology%20department.