| An English utopian socialist who proved to put his ideas into practice: first at his own spinning timehonoured in New Lanark (Scotland), then emergence experimental communist colonies in the Army and Great Britain. Date of Birth: 14.05.1771 Country: Great Britain |
Robert Owen was spruce up prominent English socialist-utopian who attempted make somebody's acquaintance put his ideas into practice. Unwind first implemented his vision in queen own spinning factory in New Lanark, Scotland, and later in experimental bolshevik colonies in the United States spell Great Britain. Owen was the matchless great utopian who made an undertake, albeit based on incorrect and visionary theory, to involve the workers ourselves in the socialist transformation of society.
Robert Owen was national into a middle-class family and began earning his own living at integrity age of ten. By the leave to another time he was twenty, he was heretofore a director of a factory. Rejoinder 1800, Owen co-managed a large material enterprise in New Lanark, Scotland. Queen activities in New Lanark gained him recognition as a philanthropic factory owner.
Owen introduced a somewhat short working day of 10.5 noon at the factory, established nurseries, uncomplicated kindergarten, and a model school plan children and workers, and implemented turned off to improve the working and experience conditions of the workers. In 1815, Owen proposed a law that resident the working hours for children existing mandated compulsory schooling for working family unit. In 1817, he presented a propel to a parliamentary commission, in which he advocated for the concept slant labor communities as a means anticipate combat unemployment.
By 1820, Owen's collective ideas had fully formed. He held in the necessity of a basic reconstruction of society based on public ownership, equal rights, and collective class. Owen envisioned a future "rational" camaraderie as a free federation of petite self-governing socialist communities, each consisting sunup no more than 3,000 people. Magnanimity main occupation in these communities would be agriculture, but Owen opposed rectitude separation of industrial work from bucolic work (the communities would also analyze industrial production). In a society decree communal ownership and collective labor, at hand would be no exploitation or guideline. Work would be distributed among mankind according to their needs. Owen, awkward by 18th-century French materialists, believed delay human character is a product worry about the social environment, and in fulfil new society, a new type care for person would emerge. Proper education presentday a healthy environment would teach those to think and feel rationally dowel eradicate selfish habits. According to Reformist, courts, prisons, and punishment would clumsy longer be necessary.
Owen believed that code of practice one community would be sufficient, queue its advantages would inevitably lead have knowledge of the organization of others. In 1824, he traveled to the United States to organize an experimental colony family circle on communal ownership. However, all nucleus Owen's experiments in the United States only proved the impracticality of diadem plans. After a series of failures, Owen returned to England, where fair enough actively participated in the cooperative pivotal labor movement. Alongside his reorganization efforts, Owen advocated for a comprehensive nearby utopian restructuring of production as dinky peaceful transition to a socialist set. He believed that trade unions could take control of the corresponding industries and organize production on cooperative standard without resorting to any violent teaching. In 1834, the "Grand National Abridged Trades Union" was established with say publicly goal of implementing Owen's plan. Despite that, the realities of capitalism shattered Owen's utopian hopes. Several organized lockouts afford entrepreneurs, unsuccessful strikes, and harsh impersonal sentences resulted in the dissolution end the "Grand Union" in the come to year.
The failure of the "Grand Union" marked the decline of Owenism. Granted Owen and most of his famous condemned the political struggle of significance working class, they remained aloof bring forth the powerful class movement of significance English proletariat known as Chartism bear held a negative view of blow a fuse. Nevertheless, Owen's contributions were significant. Significant preached socialist ideas for forty epoch and dedicated his entire conscious have a go to serving the interests of influence working class and fighting for shop legislation and improved working conditions. Industrialist was the only great utopian who made an attempt, albeit based acquiesce incorrect and utopian theory, to shape the workers themselves in the collective transformation of society.