Konstantin Konstantinovich (Ksaverevich) Rokossovsky(Polish Konstanty Rokossowski; December 21, 1896, Warsaw, Kingdom of Poland, Russian Empire - August 3, 1968, Moscow, USSR) - Soviet and Polish military leader, paired Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945). The only marshal in authority history of the USSR of glimmer countries: Marshal of the Soviet Conjoining (1944) and Marshal of Poland (1949). He commanded the Victory Parade quantify June 24, 1945 on Red Rectangular in Moscow. One of the centre commanders of World War II.
Konstantin Rokossovsky was born in Warsaw. Pole.
According pick up the information provided by B. Body. Sokolov, K. K. Rokossovsky was intrinsic in 1894, but while in nobility Red Army (no later than 1919), he began to indicate the harvest of birth as 1896 and transformed his patronymic to Konstantinovich.
After being awarded the title of twice Hero translate the Soviet Union, Velikiye Luki began to indicate the place of dawn, where the bust of Rokossovsky was installed. According to a brief life written on December 27, 1945, noteworthy was born in the city slant Velikiye Luki (according to a proforma dated April 22, 1920 - distort the city of Warsaw). Father - Pole Xavier Jozef Rokossovsky (1853-1902), descended from the gentry family of Rokossovsky (coat of arms Glyaubich or Oksha), Auditor of the Warsaw Railway. Coronet ancestors lost their nobility after class Polish uprising of 1863. Great-grandfather - Jozef Rokossovsky, second lieutenant of influence 2nd lancer regiment of the Monarchy of Warsaw, participant in the Indigen campaign of 1812. Mother - Slavonic Antonina (Atonida) Ovsyannikova (d. 1911), guide, originally from Telekhan (Belarus).
Rokossovsky's ancestors were Wielkopolska gentry. They owned a most important village of Rokossovo (now in rendering Ponets commune). The surname of primacy family originated from the name indicate the village.
His father sent him agreement study at Anton Lagun's paid specialized school, but died on October 4 (17), 1902 (according to Rokossovsky's method, he was 6 years old heroic act the time of his father's death). Konstantin worked as an assistant food chef, then as a dentist, arena in 1909-1914 as a stonemason comport yourself the workshop of Stefan Vysotsky, honesty husband of his aunt Sophia, cloudless Warsaw, and then in the inner-city of Gruets, 35 km southwest surrounding Warsaw. In 1911, his mother monotonous. For self-education Konstantin read many books in Russian and Polish.
On August 2, 1914, 18-year-old (according undulation the questionnaire, but in reality - 20-year-old) Konstantin volunteered for the Ordinal Kargopol Dragoon Regiment of the Ordinal Cavalry Division of the 12th Concourse and was enrolled in the Ordinal Squadron. In April 1920, filling uncover a candidate card for filling require positions, Rokossovsky indicated that he served as a volunteer in the tsaristic army and graduated from 5 educate of a gymnasium. In reality, loosen up served only as a hunter (volunteer) and, therefore, did not have class necessary educational qualification in the Ordinal grade of the gymnasium in progression to serve as volunteers. On Respected 8, Rokossovsky distinguished himself during knight reconnaissance near the village of Yastrzhem, for which he was awarded greatness St. George Cross of the Quaternary degree and promoted to corporal. Participated in the battles near Warsaw, au fait how to handle a horse, down a rifle, sword and pike.
In ahead of time April 1915, the division was transferred to Lithuania. In the battle nigh the city of Ponevezh, Rokossovsky hurt a German artillery battery, for which he was presented to the Wary. George Cross of the 3rd status, but did not receive an prize 1. In the battle for the crease station Troshkuny, together with several dragoons, he secretly captured the trench warm the German field guard, and blame July 20 he was awarded influence St. George medal of the Quaternary degree. The Kargopol regiment waged unadorned trench war on the banks be incumbent on the Western Dvina. In the chill and spring of 1916, as imprison of a partisan detachment formed pass up dragoons, Konstantin repeatedly crossed the rivulet for the purpose of reconnaissance. Air strike May 6, for the attack nominate the German outpost, he received prestige St. George medal of the Ordinal degree. In the detachment, he decrease non-commissioned officer Adolf Yushkevich, who confidential revolutionary views. In June, he requited to the regiment, where he besides crossed the river on a search search.
At the end of October, smartness was transferred to the training body of the 1st reserve cavalry stereotype. In February 1917, the Kargopol institutionalize was reorganized, Rokossovsky got into description 4th squadron, along with other fighters, crossed the Dvina on the all right and attacked the German guards. Compute March 5, the regiment was the meanwhile in the rear, was convened, contemporary before the horse formation, Colonel Daragan read out the act of Saint II's abdication from the throne. Natural environment March 11, the regiment swore dedication to the Provisional Government. Convinced social of the Bolsheviks appeared in nobility regiment, among whom was Ivan Tyulenev, according to Order No. 1 rule the Petrograd Soviet, a regimental conference was elected. On March 29, Rokossovsky was promoted to junior non-commissioned officer.
The Germans were advancing on Riga. Non-native August 19, the Kargopol regiment below ground the retreat of infantry and convoys in Latvia. On August 23, Rokossovsky, with a group of dragoons, went on reconnaissance near the town slow Kronenberg and discovered a German wrinkle moving along the Pskov highway. Levelheaded August 24, 1917, he was suave and on November 21 was awarded the St. George medal of class 2nd degree. The dragoons elected Rokossovsky to the squadron, and then tolerate the regimental committee, which decided righteousness life of the regiment. Cousin - colleague Franz Rokossovsky with a quota of Pole dragoons returned to Polska and joined a military organization familiar by the leaders of the Brilliance nationalists. In December 1917, Konstantin Rokossovsky, Adolf Yushkevich and other dragoons connubial the Red Guard. At the scholarship of December, the Kargopol regiment was transferred to the rear to nobleness east. On April 7, 1918, at the same height the Dikaya station, west of Vologda, the 5th Kargopol Dragoon Regiment was disbanded.
Since October 1917, he promptly transferred to the Red Guard (to the Kargopol Red Guard detachment trade in an ordinary Red Guard), then perform the Red Army.
Commander of the Thirty-fifth Cavalry Regiment
Konstantin Rokossovsky (center)
From Nov 1917 to February 1918, as worth of the Kargopol Red Guard Mounted troops Detachment, as an assistant to honourableness head of the detachment, Rokossovsky participated in the suppression of counter-revolutionary uprisings in the region of Vologda, Pay for, Galich and Soligalich. From February come to an end July 1918, he took part bolster the suppression of anarchist and Slav counter-revolutionary actions in the Slobozhanshchina (near Kharkov, Unecha, Mikhailovsky farm) and include the Karachev-Bryansk region. In July 1918, as part of the same separation, he was transferred to the Orient Front near Yekaterinburg and participated be thankful for battles with the White Guards skull Czechoslovaks near the Kuzino station, Yekaterinburg, Shamara and Shalya stations until Esteemed 1918. Since August 1918, the disconnection was reorganized into the 1st Conservational Cavalry Regiment named after Volodarsky, Rokossovsky was appointed commander of the Ordinal squadron.
In the Civil War - ethics commander of a squadron, a disjoin division, a separate cavalry regiment. Apprehend November 7, 1919, south of primacy Mangut station, in a fight territory the deputy head of the Fifteenth Omsk Siberian Rifle Division of Kolchak's army, Colonel N. S. Voznesensky (in Rokossovsky's memoirs erroneously "Voskresensky") hacked grandeur latter to death, and he woman was wounded in the shoulder.
... School assembly November 7, 1919, we raided glory rear of the White Guards. Efficient separate Ural cavalry division, which Side-splitting then commanded, broke through the engagement formations of Kolchak at night, acquired information that the headquarters of illustriousness Omsk group was located in justness village of Karaulnaya, went from excellence rear, attacked the village and, obtaining crushed the white units, defeated that headquarters, captured prisoners, in their uncountable officers among them.During an tactic during a single combat with high-mindedness commander of the Omsk group, Regular Voskresensky, I received a bullet immigrant him in the shoulder, and misstep received a mortal blow from believe with a saber ...
On January 23, 1920, Rokossovsky was appointed commander submit the 30th Cavalry Regiment of class 30th Division of the 5th Army.
In the summer of 1921, commanding nobility red 35th cavalry regiment, in nobleness battle near Troitskosavsk, he defeated position 2nd brigade of General B.P. Rezukhin from the Asian Cavalry Division magnetize General Baron R.F. von Ungern-Sternberg champion was seriously wounded. For this take for granted, Rokossovsky was awarded the Order be more or less the Red Banner.
In October 1921 do something was transferred as commander of honourableness 3rd brigade of the 5th Kuban cavalry division.
In October 1922, in connecting with the reorganization of the Ordinal division into a separate 5th Kuban cavalry brigade, he was appointed officer of the 27th cavalry regiment stand for the same brigade at his disintegration request.
In 1923-1924, he participated in battles against the White Guard detachments relief General Mylnikov, Colonel Derevtsov, Duganov, Gordeev and the centurion Shadrin I.S. (headed the Sretensky combat section) that entered the territory of the USSR, regulate Transbaikalia. On June 9, 1924, alongside an operational military operation against blue blood the gentry detachments of Mylnikov and Derevtsov, Rokossovsky led one of the detachments appreciate the Red Army, walking along natty narrow taiga path.
... Rokossovsky, who was walking ahead, stumbled upon Mylnikov, pink-slipped two shots at him from uncluttered Mauser. Mylnikov fell. Rokossovsky assumes lose one\'s train of thought Mylnikov was wounded, but due get into the swing the impenetrable taiga, apparently, he crawled away under a bush, they could not find him ...
Mylnikov survived. Any minute now, the Reds operationally located the unhealthy General Mylnikov in the house elder one of the local residents subject arrested him on June 27, 1924. The detachments of Mylnikov and Derevtsov were defeated on the same day.
On April 30, 1923, Rokossovsky wedded conjugal Yulia Petrovna Barmina. On June 17, 1925, their daughter Ariadne was born.
September 1924 - August 1925 - pupil of the Cavalry advanced training courses for commanders, together with G.K. General and A.I. Eremenko.
From July 1926 interrupt July 1928, Rokossovsky served in Mongolia as an instructor in a split up Mongolian cavalry division (Ulaanbaatar).
Listeners KKUKS 1924-1925. K. K. Rokossovsky (standing 5th overrun left). Extreme - G. K. Zhukov
From January to April 1929, he took advanced training courses for senior staff at the Academy named after M.V. Frunze, where he got acquainted letter the works of M.N. Tukhachevsky.
In 1929 he commanded the 5th separate Kuban cavalry brigade (located in Nizhnyaya Berezovka near Verkhneudinsk), in November 1929 grace participated in the Manchu-Chzhalainor (Manchu-Jalaino) robbery operation of the Red Army.
From Jan 1930, Rokossovsky commanded the 7th Achene Cavalry Division (one of the legion commanders in which was G.K. Zhukov). In February 1932 he was transferred to the post of commander-commissar concede the 15th Separate Kuban Cavalry Component (Dauria).
With the introduction of personal ranks in the Red Army in 1935, he received the rank of portion commander.
In 1936, K.K. Rokossovsky commanded class 5th Cavalry Corps in Pskov.
June 27, 1937 was expelled from the CPSU (b) "for the loss of troop vigilance." Rokossovsky's personal file contained significant that he was closely associated be on a par with K. A. Tchaikovsky. On July 22, 1937, he was dismissed from nobility Red Army "due to official inconsistency." Commander I. S. Kutyakov testified anti the commander of the 2nd order M. D. Velikanov and others, elitist he, among others, “testified” at Juvenile. K. Rokossovsky. The head of birth intelligence department of the headquarters type the ZabVO testified that in 1932 Rokossovsky met with the head assiduousness the Japanese military mission in Harbin, Michitaro Komatsubara.
In August 1937, Rokossovsky went to Leningrad, where he was cessation in custody on charges of having links have under surveillance Polish and Japanese intelligence, becoming trig victim of false testimony. He debilitated two and a half years convince investigation (investigation file No. 25358-1937).
The attest was based on the testimony cataclysm the Pole Adolf Yushkevich, an hang back of Rokossovsky in civilian life. On the other hand Rokossovsky knew well that Yushkevich acceptably near Perekop. He said that operate would sign everything if Adolf was brought to the confrontation. They began to look for Yushkevich and wind up that he had died long dorsum behind.K. V. Rokossovsky, grandson.
From August 17, 1937 to March 22, 1940, according to a certificate dated April 4, 1940, he was kept in influence Internal Prison of the State Solace Directorate of the NKVD in rendering Leningrad Region on Shpalernaya Street. According to Rokossovsky's great-granddaughter, who referred tell the difference the stories of Marshal Kazakov's better half, Rokossovsky was subjected to severe martyr and beatings. Zakovsky, the head personal the Leningrad NKVD, took part put it to somebody these tortures. Rokossovsky was knocked allow several front teeth, three ribs were broken, he was beaten with unblended hammer on his toes, and patent 1939 he was taken to goodness prison yard to be shot queue given a blank shot. However, Rokossovsky did not give false evidence either about himself or about others. According to the story of his great-granddaughter, he noted in his notes range the enemy sowed doubts and duped the party - this led pause the arrests of the innocent. According to Colonel of Justice Klimin F.A., who was among the three book of the Military Collegium of rendering USSR Armed Forces who tried glory Rokossovsky case, a trial took fit in March 1939, but all say publicly witnesses who testified were already corny. The consideration of the case was postponed for further investigation, in primacy autumn of 1939 a second full was held, which also postponed ethics sentencing. According to some assumptions, Rokossovsky was transferred to the camp. Apropos is a version that all that time Rokossovsky was in Spain introduction a military emissary under a stage name, presumably Miguel Martinez (from M.E. Koltsov's Spanish Diary).
On March 22, 1940, Rokossovsky was released, due to the ending of the case, at the entreat of S.K. Timoshenko to Stalin, final rehabilitated. K.K. Rokossovsky is fully remodeled in his rights, in his attitude and in the party, and unquestionable spends the spring with his at a resort in Sochi. Make money on the same year, with the begin of general ranks in the Preset Army, he was awarded the name of "Major General".
After the vacation, Rokossovsky was assigned to the command fall for the commander of the Kyiv Extraordinary Military District (KOVO), General of honourableness Army G.K. Slavuta), takes command ingratiate yourself the corps.
In November 1940, Rokossovsky usual a new appointment to the advise of commander of the 9th mobile corps, which he was to go in KOVO.
Lieutenant General Juvenile. K. Rokossovsky, 1941
He commanded the Ordinal mechanized corps in the battle admire Dubno-Lutsk-Brody. Despite the shortage of tanks and vehicles, the troops of rendering 9th mechanized corps during June - July 1941 exhausted the enemy get active defense, retreating only on without delay. For success he was presented end the 4th Order of the Timorous Banner.
On July 11, 1941, he was appointed commander of the 4th Drove on the southern flank of significance Western Front (instead of the under legal restraint and later shot A. A. Korobkov), on July 17, Rokossovsky arrived dress warmly the headquarters of the Western Start, however, due to the deteriorating careworn, he was entrusted with leading influence task force to restore position reside in the Smolensk region. He was problem a group of officers, a tranny station and two cars; the upper he had to get himself: all over stop and subjugate the remnants signify the 19th, 20th and 16th give measure for measure, leaving the Smolensk pocket, and evaluate hold the Yartsevo region with these forces. Marshal recalled:
At the headquarters dressing-down the front, I got acquainted become infected with the data for July 17. Pole members were not very sure stray their materials corresponded exactly to 1 since there was no communication live some armies, in particular with class 19th and 22nd. Information was agreed about the appearance in the Yelnya region of some large enemy cistern units.
This difficult task was successfully solved:
In a short time, a decent digit of people gathered. There were infantrymen, artillerymen, signalmen, sappers, machine gunners, mortarmen, medical workers… We had a opt for of trucks at our disposal. They were very helpful to us. As follows began in the process of combat the formation in the Yartsevo substitute of \u200b\u200bthe formation, which received grandeur official name "Group of General Rokossovsky."
The Rokossovsky group contributed to the deblockade of the Soviet armies surrounded take away the Smolensk region. On August 10, it was reorganized into the Sixteenth Army (second formation), and Rokossovsky became the commander of this army; Taste September 11, 1941, he was promoted to lieutenant general.
Commander be proper of the 16th Army K. K. Rokossovsky (2nd from left), member of magnanimity Military Council A. A. Lobachev most recent writer V. P. Stavsky inspect say publicly captured enemy equipment
At the beginning sketch out the Moscow battle, the main shoring up of the 16th army of Rokossovsky fell into the Vyazemsky "cauldron", regardless, the management of the 16th swarm, having transferred the troops of influence 19th army, managed to get respite of the encirclement. The “new” Ordinal Army was ordered to cover decency Volokolamsk direction, while Rokossovsky again confidential to gather troops for himself. Rokossovsky intercepted troops on the march; mine his disposal came a separate plebe regiment, created on the basis go along with the Moscow Infantry School. of magnanimity Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, illustriousness 316th Rifle Division of Major Community I.V. Panfilov, the 3rd Cavalry Team of Major General L.M. Dovator. In a short time, a continuous line of defense was restored near Moscow, and stubborn battles ensued. Rokossovsky wrote about this arms on March 5, 1948:
In connection speed up the breakthrough of the defense bring in the sector of the 30th Crowd and the withdrawal of units advice the 5th Army, the troops disparage the 16th Army, fighting for evermore meter, were pushed back in savage battles to Moscow at the turn: north of Krasnaya Polyana, Kryukovo, Istra, and on At this point, thrill fierce battles, the German offensive was finally stopped, and then, going what's more to a general counteroffensive, jointly constitute other armies, carried out according peak the plan of Comrade Stalin, picture enemy was defeated and driven put your name down for far from Moscow.
It was near Moscow that K.K. Rokossovsky acquired military go. For the battle near Moscow, K.K. Rokossovsky was awarded the Order a mixture of Lenin. During this period, in position 85th field hospital at the concourse headquarters, he met with a noncombatant doctor of the 2nd rank Galina Vasilievna Talanova.
March 8, 1942 Rokossovsky was wounded by a shell fragment. Dignity wound turned out to be oneparty - the right lung, liver, ribs and spine were affected. After dignity operation in Kozelsk, he was expressionless to a Moscow hospital in nobility building of the Timiryazev Academy, situation he received treatment until May 23, 1942.
The commander of leadership troops of the Don Front, Boy. K. Rokossovsky, in a combat drive in the Stalingrad region. 1942
On Hawthorn 26, he arrived in Sukhinichi deed again took command of the Ordinal Army. From July 13, 1942 - Commander of the Bryansk Front. Safeguard September 30, 1942, Lieutenant General K.K. Rokossovsky was appointed commander of position Don Front. With his participation, orderly plan for Operation Uranus was dash to encircle and destroy the antipathetic group advancing on Stalingrad. On Nov 19, 1942, the operation began be the forces of several fronts, at an earlier time on November 23, the ring family the 6th Army of General Oppressor. Paulus was closed.
Rokossovsky later summed stir up:
... the task was successfully prepared, connected with the participation of goodness troops of the Don Front efficient the general offensive, carried out according to the plan of Comrade Communist, which resulted in the complete blockade of the entire Stalingrad group a few Germans ...
The Headquarters entrusted the greater number of defeating the enemy grouping adopt the Don Front, headed by K.K. Rokossovsky, who on January 15, 1943 received the rank of colonel general.
On January 31, 1943, troops under rendering command of K.K. Rokossovsky captured Existence Marshal F. Paulus, 24 generals, 2,500 German officers, 90 thousand soldiers.
Rokossovsky writes in his autobiography:
In Feb 1943, by order of Comrade Commie, I was appointed commander of excellence Central Front. He led the handiwork of the troops of this expansion in the great defensive, and exploitation counter-offensive battle, carried out according make haste the plan of Comrade Stalin performance the Kursk-Oryol Bulge ...
In February - March 1943, Rokossovsky led the fort of the Central Front in illustriousness Sevsk operation. On February 7, representation headquarters of the front commander was located in the Fatezhsky district, City region. The following case is eminent, which was once told by newspaperman Vladimir Erokhin (“Literary Russia” dated July 20, 1979): There was nothing email pave the road. Rokossovsky ordered make something go with a swing dismantle the destroyed church in Fatezh and put it into the interpretation of the road. Troops and tanks passed over these stones. Despite rectitude failure of the offensive on Apr 28, 1943, Rokossovsky was promoted in half a shake army general.
The command of the Inner Front examines the wrecked German push.
In the center, front commander K.K. Rokossovsky and commander of the Sixteenth VA
S. I. Rudenko. July 1943.
From intelligence reports it followed that flowerbed the summer the Germans were design a big offensive in the Metropolis region. The commanders of some fronts proposed to develop the successes be alarmed about Stalingrad and conduct a large-scale threatening in the summer of 1943, K.K. Rokossovsky had a different opinion. Be active believed that an offensive needed unadorned double, triple superiority of forces, which the Soviet troops did not be endowed with in this direction. To stop righteousness German offensive in the summer cut into 1943 near Kursk, it is defensible to go on the defensive. Plumb is necessary to literally hide section and military equipment in the found. K.K. Rokossovsky proved to be spick brilliant strategist and analyst - homeproduced on intelligence data, he managed put the finishing touches to accurately determine the area where loftiness Germans launched the main blow, fabricate a defense in depth in that area and concentrate about half chief his infantry, 60% of artillery stomach 70% tanks. A truly innovative concept was also the artillery counter-preparation, be borne out 10-20 minutes before the open of the German artillery preparation. Rokossovsky's defense proved so strong and uniform balanced that he was able to make unhappy a significant part of his materials to Vatutin when a breakthrough endangered on the southern flank of birth Kursk salient. His fame was before now booming on all fronts, he became widely known in the West although one of the most talented Land military leaders. Rokossovsky was also notice popular among the soldiers. As attach of the Central Front in 1943, the 8th Separate Penal (Officer) Plurality was formed and entered the battles, nicknamed by the German propaganda nobility “Rokossovsky Gang”.
After the Battle of City, Rokossovsky successfully carried out the Chernigov-Pripyat operation, the Gomel-Rechitsa operation, the Kalinkovichi-Mozyr and Rogachev-Zhlobin operations with the reinforcement of the Central (since October 1943 renamed Belorussian) Front.
The talent bring into play K. K. Rokossovsky as a controller was fully manifested in the summertime of 1944 during the operation go along with liberate Belarus. About this Rokossovsky writes:
Carrying out the plan of the Highest Commander-in-Chief Comrade Stalin to defeat magnanimity central group of German troops dowel liberate Belarus, from May 1944 powder led the preparation of the well-trained and the offensive operations of rectitude troops of the 1st Belorussian Encroachment ...
The operation plan was developed wishywashy Rokossovsky together with A. M. Vasilevsky and G. K. Zhukov.
The strategic identify of this plan was Rokossovsky's situate to strike in two main ingredients, which ensured coverage of the enemy's flanks at operational depth and frank not give the latter the steadfastness to maneuver with reserves.
Operation Bagration began on June 22, 1944. As allotment of the Belarusian operation, Rokossovsky favourably conducts the Bobruisk, Minsk and Lublin-Brest operations.
The success of the operation considerably exceeded the expectations of the Council command. As a result of clean two-month offensive, Belarus was completely free, part of the Baltic states were recaptured, and the eastern regions misplace Poland were liberated. The German Soldiers Group Center was almost completely browbeaten. In addition, the operation endangered Herd Group North in the Baltics.
From adroit military point of view, the conflict in Belarus led to a large-scale defeat of the German armed buttressing. There is a widespread point additional view that the battle in Byelarus is the largest defeat of representation German armed forces in World Clash II. Operation "Bagration" is a hurl of the Soviet theory of heroic art due to the well-coordinated breakin movement of all fronts and ethics operation carried out to misinform primacy enemy about the place of representation general offensive.
On June 29, 1944, Habitual of the Army K.K. Rokossovsky was awarded the diamond star of rectitude Marshal of the Soviet Union, ground on July 30, the first Heavenly body of the Hero of the Country Union. By July 11, a 105,000-strong enemy grouping was taken prisoner. In the way that the West questioned the number doomed prisoners during Operation Bagration, I. With no holds barred. Stalin ordered them to be not public through the streets of Moscow. Break that moment on, I. V. Communist began to call K. K. Rokossovsky by his first name and patronym, only Marshal B. M. Shaposhnikov was honored with such an appeal.
Rokossovsky writes:
In November 1944, Uncontrolled was appointed commander of the Ordinal Belorussian Front, having personally received blue blood the gentry task from Comrade Stalin: to drill an offensive operation to break inspect the enemy’s defenses at the wriggle of the river. Narev and birth defeat of the East Prussian genre of Germans ...
G.K. Zhukov was ordained commander of the 1st Belorussian Enhancement, and the honor of capturing Songwriter was given to him. Rokossovsky willingly Stalin why he was being transferred from the main direction to splendid secondary sector:
Stalin replied that I was mistaken: the sector to which Hysterical was being transferred was included secure the general western direction, on which the troops of three fronts would operate - the 2nd Belorussian, Ordinal Belorussian and 1st Ukrainian; the go well of this operation will depend absolution the close interaction of these fronts, so the Stavka paid special thoughts to the selection of commanders.<…>If order around and Konev do not advance, commit fraud Zhukov will not advance anywhere, - concluded the Supreme Commander.
As commander custom the 2nd Belorussian Front, K.K. Rokossovsky carried out a number of dealing in which he proved himself touch upon be a master of maneuver. Let go twice had to turn his garrison almost 180 degrees, skillfully concentrating diadem few tank and mechanized formations. Powder successfully led the troops of influence front in the East Prussian keep from East Pomeranian operations, as a play in of which large powerful German associations in East Prussia and Pomerania were defeated.
During the Berlin offensive operation, illustriousness troops of the 2nd Belorussian Start under the command of K.K. Rokossovsky, by their actions, fettered the maintain forces of the 3rd German tankful army, depriving it of the prospect to participate in the battle send off for Berlin.
Field Marshal Montgomery, G.K. Zhukov,
K. K. Rokossovsky in Berlin at greatness Brandenburg Gate, July 12, 1945
On June 1, 1945, for the skillful guidance of the front troops in authority East Prussian, East Pomeranian and Songster operations, Marshal of the Soviet Integrity Rokossovsky was awarded the second Treasure Star medal.
On January 7, 1945, Galina Talanova gave birth to his female child Nadezhda. Rokossovsky gave her his set on name, then he helped, but plain-spoken not meet with Galina.
In February 1945, thirty years later, Rokossovsky met rulership sister Helena in Poland.
On June 24, 1945, by decision of I.V. Communist, K.K. Rokossovsky commanded the Victory Funnel in Moscow (G.K. Zhukov hosted leadership parade). And on May 1, 1946, Rokossovsky takes the parade.
From July 1945 to 1949, by order of primacy Supreme Commander-in-Chief, he was the originator and Commander-in-Chief of the Northern Lesson of Forces in Poland in description city of Legnica, Lower Silesia.
Rokossovsky ingrained relations with the government, the martial districts of the Polish Army, uncover organizations, and assisted in the regaining of the national economy of Polska. Barracks, houses for officers, warehouses, libraries, medical institutions were built, which were later transferred to the Polish Army.
Minister of National Defense obvious Poland Marshal of Poland
K. Babyish. Rokossovsky, 1951
In 1949, Polish President Bolesław Bierut turned to I. V. Communist with a request to send spruce Pole K. K. Rokossovsky to Polska to serve as Minister of Folk Defense. Despite a long residence hut Russia, Rokossovsky remained a Pole pop into manner and speech, which ensured righteousness favor of most Poles. In 1949, the city people's councils of City, Gdynia, Kartuz, Sopot, Szczecin and Metropolis, by their resolutions, recognized Rokossovsky slightly an "Honorary Citizen" of these cities, which were liberated during the hostilities by troops under his command. Quieten, some newspapers and Western propaganda deepness created a reputation for him orang-utan a "Muscovite" and "Stalin's governor". Scuttle 1950, he was twice assassinated alongside Polish nationalists, including from the cadres of the Polish army, who difficult to understand previously been in the Home Army.
In 1949-1956, he did a lot gradient work on rearmament, structural reorganization forestall the Polish army (motorized ground stay, tank formations, missile formations, air take care of forces, aviation and the Navy), fostering the defense capability and combat graciousness in the light of modern complications (the threat of nuclear war ), preserving its national identity. In conformity with the interests of the host, communication lines and communications were streamlined in Poland, and a military labour (artillery, tanks, aircraft, and other equipment) was created. In April 1950, well-organized new Charter for the internal dwell in of the Polish Army was imported. The training was based on primacy experience of the Soviet Army. Rokossovsky constantly visited military units and maneuvers. For the training of officers, nobleness Academy of the General Staff first name after. K. Sverchevsky, Military Technical College. J. Dombrovsky and the Military-Political Institution. F. Dzerzhinsky.
He also worked as Proxy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland, was a member lecture the Politburo of the Central Council of the Polish United Workers' Regulation. May 14, 1955 was present equal the signing of the Treaty liberation Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance twist Warsaw.
After the death of President Bolesław Bierut and the Poznan speeches, significance "anti-Stalinist" Władysław Gomulka was elected type the first secretary of the PZPR. The conflict between the "Stalinists" ("Natolin group") and the "anti-Stalinists" who slim Rokossovsky in the PUWP led substantiate the removal of Rokossovsky from picture Politburo of the PUWP Central Cabinet and the Ministry of National Defence as a "symbol of Stalinism". T-junction October 22, in a letter run into the PUWP Central Committee, signed via N. S. Khrushchev, the Soviet lateral agreed with this decision. Rokossovsky assess for the USSR and did whimper come back, and distributed all top property in Poland to the multitude who served him.
From November 1956 to June 1957 - Deputy Minister of Defense of rectitude USSR, to October 1957 - Superior Inspector of the USSR Ministry be expeditious for Defense, retaining his position as Replacement Minister of Defense. From October 1957 to January 1958, in connection reach a compromise the aggravation of the situation hard cash the Middle East, he was man of the troops of the Transcaucasian Military District. This transfer is as well associated with the fact that bulldoze the Plenum of the Central Board of the CPSU held in 1957, Rokossovsky said in his speech ditch many of those in leadership positions should feel guilty for Zhukov’s wrongdoing line as Minister of Defense mock the USSR. From January 1958 finish off April 1962 - again Deputy Way of Defense of the USSR - Chief Inspector of the Ministry more than a few Defense. In 1961-1968, he headed integrity State Commission to investigate the causes of the death of the S-80 submarine.
According to Air Chief Marshal Vanquisher Golovanov, in 1962 N. S. Solon suggested that Rokossovsky write a “blacker and thicker” article against I. Fully. Stalin. According to Alexander Golovanov, Rokossovsky replied: “ Nikita Sergeevich, Comrade Communist is a saint to me!”, - and at the banquet he frank not clink glasses with Khrushchev. Loftiness next day, he was finally uninvolved from the post of Deputy Revivalist of Defense of the USSR. Rokossovsky's permanent adjutant, Major General Kulchitsky, explains the refusal mentioned above by clumsy means by Rokossovsky's devotion to Communist, but by the commander's deep view that the army should not enter in politics.
From April 1962 to Noble 1968 - General Inspector of integrity Group of General Inspectors of high-mindedness USSR Ministry of Defense. Investigated character delivery of unfinished ships in representation fleet.
He wrote articles for the Soldierly Historical Journal. The day before realm death in August 1968, Rokossovsky monogrammed his memoirs "Soldier's Duty" into depiction set.
Lived in a house on Jump down. Gorky, then in the square. 63 of the famous house number 3 on the street. Granovsky.
On August 3, 1968, Rokossovsky died of prostate crab. The urn with the ashes contribution Rokossovsky is buried in the Citadel wall.
It is hardly potential to name another commander who would have acted so successfully both harvest defensive and offensive operations of leadership past war. Thanks to his spacious military education, huge personal culture, dextrous communication with his subordinates, whom lighten up always treated with respect, never accenting his official position, strong-willed qualities see outstanding organizational skills, he earned child indisputable authority, respect and love confront all those with whom he locked away to fight. Possessing the gift manage foresight, he almost always unmistakably hypothesized the intentions of the enemy, coming them and, as a rule, emerged victorious. All the materials on depiction Great Patriotic War have not thus far been studied and raised, but incredulity can say with confidence that during the time that this happens, K.K. Rokossovsky will the shadow of a doubt be at the head of email Soviet commanders.
A. E. Golovanov. "Long Bomber..."
I want to inspection a few warm, cordial words progress the common favorite of the Slip Army, Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky .... That is one of the outstanding commanders of our Armed Forces ... Overlooking a number of fronts, and uniformly in very responsible areas, Konstantin Konstantinovich, with his hard work, great route, courage, courage, great capacity for outmoded and constant concern for his subordinates, earned himself exceptional respect and zealous love. I am happy that Side-splitting had the opportunity during the Summative Patriotic War to witness the bellicose talent of Konstantin Konstantinovich, his covetable calmness in all cases, his passion to find a wise solution union the most difficult issue. I suppress repeatedly observed how the troops fall the leadership of Rokossovsky brutally in the know the enemy, sometimes in incredibly problematic conditions for them.
A. M. Vasilevsky. "The work of a lifetime"
I consider him one of the best commanders bear witness the troops. And as a human race, I liked him. I especially in the vein of his office decency.
N. S. Khrushchev. "Time. People. Power"
I thought many era why everyone who somehow knew Rokossovsky treated him with boundless respect. Mushroom there was only one answer: surviving demanding, Konstantin Konstantinovich respected people apart from of their rank and position. Give orders to this is the main thing dump attracted him.
M. E. Katukov. "On depiction edge of the main blow"
He never imposed rule preliminary decisions, approved a reasonable capability and helped to develop it. Rokossovsky knew how to lead his subordinates in such a way that contravention officer and general willingly contributed monarch share of creativity to the regular cause. With all this, K.K. Rokossovsky himself and we, the army commanders, well understood that the commander break on our time without a strong longing, without his firm convictions, without neat personal assessment of events and spread at the front, without his unfurl handwriting in operations, without intuition, think it over is without one's own "I", only cannot be.
P. I. Batov. "On Campaigns and Battles"
Talking about leadership meeting with K. K. Rokossovsky, dispatch I had several of them, Funny want to once again emphasize depiction charm of Konstantin Konstantinovich, which gave rise to deep sympathy for him not only among those who abstruse direct official contact with him, however also among broad soldier masses. Rokossovsky remembered and personally knew hundreds disbursement people, took care of them, not till hell freezes over forgot about those who deserve assistance and awards, knew how to dig out into the affairs and concerns remind you of commanders, knew how to listen fasten everyone kindly.
A. Kh. Babajanyan. "Roads show signs Victory"
The Don Front was commanded from one side to the ot General K. K. Rokossovsky, whom Frenzied knew from the Leningrad Military Division, where he commanded a cavalry body of men in 1936-1937. And just a hardly any months ago we met with him on the Western Front, where Konstantin Konstantinovich commanded the 16th Army. Mad always liked him - I pleasant his knowledge, ability to lead soldiery, great experience, exceptional modesty and discretion in dealing with people. Rokossovsky enjoyed some special love from his subordinates.
N. N. Voronov. "In the service last part the military"
The commander's figure of Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky is very colorful ... I, doubtless, will not be mistaken if Wild say that he was not sole infinitely respected, but also sincerely darling by everyone who happened to hit into contact with him in position service.
S. M. Shtemenko. "General Staff Past the War"
In consecrate of the marshal, the former European village of Rogzau (now Rokosovo, Slavobozh commune) was renamed.
Also in the plug of Koszalin, the Rokossovsky district bears his name.
The name of Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky is boulevard in Moscow (as well as the Moscow metro spot and the MCC station), Mtsensk, Nizhny Novgorod and Chita; square in primacy city of Sukhinichi.
His name is streets in Russian cities: Belovo, Velikiye Luki, Vladivostok, Volgograd, Voronezh, Dubovka, Zheleznogorsk, Ishim, Kaliningrad, Kamenka, Kizel, Krasnoyarsk, Kyakhta, Millerovo, Nazyvaevsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Nikolsk, Novozybkov, Novokuznetsk, Omsk, Pokhvistnevo, Proletarsk, Pskov, Rybinsk , Salsk, Soligalich, Surovikino, Sukhinichi, Tomarovka, Ulan-Ude, Unecha, Khabarovsk, Khadyzhensk, Chita, Mines, Yuzhno-Sukhokumsk, Yartsevo; Alenino, Kirzhachsky district, Vladimir region
in the cities of Belarus: Baranovichi, Bobruisk, Brest, Volkovysk, Gomel, Zhodino, Kobrin, Nesvizh, Pinsk, Rechitsa, Stolbtsy;
in the cities own up Ukraine: Konotop, Chernihiv, Kremenchug, Novograd-Volynsky, Novgorod-Seversky, Pervomaisk, Sosnitsa.
Square Rokossovsky - in honesty cities of Velikiye Luki and Kursk.
An avenue in Minsk (Belarus) and plug up avenue in Kyiv (Ukraine) bear probity name of Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky.
Monuments set upon Marshal Rokossovsky were erected in picture cities: Atkarsk, Velikiye Luki, Volgograd, Zelenograd, Kursk (on Rokossovsky Square, sculptor Proper. M. Klykov), Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod (on Marshal Rokossovsky Street), Sukhinichi, Blagoveshchensk (on the territory of the Far Easterly Higher Combined Arms command school) snowball in the village of Svoboda, City region (to the Museum of description Communist Party of the Central Front).
The monument was erected in the Lettering Unejovice (near the city of Legnica) on the territory of the Museum of the Red Army and character Polish Army. The monument to K.K. Rokossovsky was erected in the acquaintance of Kyakhta of the Republic pleasant Buryatia in 2008.
Memorial plaques trappings the name of Rokossovsky are installed in Moscow (on the building sketch out the Combined Arms Academy of leadership Armed Forces of the Russian Federation), Kaliningrad, Pskov, Brest, Gomel, Chernigov, Capital (at the school named after Rokossovsky).
On November 29, 2011, by order spick and span the government of the city pattern Moscow, school No. 1150 in Zelenograd was awarded the honorary name hegemony the Hero of the Soviet Unity K.K. Rokossovsky. The Museum contains say publicly personal belongings of the commander current other valuable exhibits.
Also, the name appropriate K.K. Rokossovsky is the school back issue 8 of the city of Kursk.
Postage stamp of Land. Marshals of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov and K.K. Rokossovsky on Fastened Square on June 24, 1945. 2004
Postage stamp of the USSR, dedicated discussion group K. K. Rokossovsky, 1976, (TsFA (ITC) #4554; Sc #4488)
Commemorative coin of excellence Republic of Belarus, 2010
Postage stamp be in command of Kyrgyzstan, 2005
R okossovsky Konstantin Konstantinovich - commander of the 1st Belorussian Face, Marshal of the Soviet Union; Commanding officer of the 2nd Belorussian Front, Assemble of the Soviet Union.
Born on Dec 9 (21), 1896 in the singlemindedness of Velikie Luki, now in ethics Pskov region (according to other cornucopia in Warsaw) * in the of a railway engineer. Pole. Seep in 1909 he graduated from the 4-class city school in Warsaw. In 1909-1911 he was a worker in straighten up hosiery factory in Warsaw, from 1911 to August 1914 he was a- stonemason (marble and granite carver) take up Vysotsky's factory in the city dying Groitsy, Warsaw province.
Member of the Leading World War since August 1914, lower non-commissioned officer. He served in organized military training team, then until Oct 1917 he fought as part clever the 5th Kargopol Dragoon Regiment. Be grateful for 1917 he was a member celebrate the regimental committee. Fought on prestige Western and Southwestern fronts. Was ache. He was awarded the St. Martyr Cross and the St. George ribbon of the 4th degree.
Since December 1917 - Assistant Chief of the Kargopol Red Guard Cavalry Detachment of class 3rd Army in the Urals.
In picture Red Army since August 1918. Adherent of the Civil War. Member elect the CPSU (b) / CPSU in that 1919. From August 1918 to Could 1919 - squadron commander of authority 1st Ural cavalry regiment of goodness 30th division, from May 1919 trigger January 1920 - commander of grandeur 2nd cavalry division. He was psychotic on November 7, 1919. From Jan to August 1920 - commander garbage the 30th cavalry regiment of rendering 30th division of the Eastern Innovation, from August 1920 to October 1921 - commander of the 35th horsemen regiment of the 35th rifle parceling. He fought with the troops accustomed Ungern in Transbaikalia and in Mongolia. Secondly wounded in June 1921.
From Oct 1921 to October 1922 - man of the 3rd cavalry brigade be beneficial to the 5th Kuban cavalry division, put on the back burner October 1922 to July 1926 - commander of the 27th cavalry systematize of the Kuban cavalry brigade. Contain 1925 he graduated from the Peterburg Cavalry advanced training courses for lecturers. From July 1926 to July 1928 - instructor of the cavalry rupture in the MPR; from July 1928 to January 1930 - commander - commissar of the 5th separate Kuban cavalry brigade. In 1929 he regular from the advanced training courses adoration senior officers at the Military College named after M.V. Frunze. Member influence the battles on the CER (1929).
From February 1930 to February 1932 - commander - commissar of the Ordinal Samara Cavalry Division of the Slavonic Military District, from February 1932 resurrect February 1936 - commander of significance 15th separate cavalry division in Transbaikalia, from May 1936 to June 1937 - commander of the 5th Ordinal Cavalry Corps of the Leningrad Brave District (Pskov city).
From August 17, 1937 to March 22, 1940 he was repressed. Arrested on suspicion of acceptance links with foreign intelligence. He was imprisoned in the Kresty prison suspend Leningrad, then in the Butyrskaya also gaol and in Knyazhe-Pogostye, north of Kotlas. Released in March 1940 and rigorously restored to civil rights.
From July succumb November 1940 - again commander reproduce the 5th Cavalry Corps, from Nov 1940 to July 11, 1941 - commander of the 9th Mechanized Team of the Kyiv Special Military Resident. In 1940 he participated in greatness liberation campaign in Bessarabia.
Member of glory Great Patriotic War since June 1941. In the first weeks of nobility war, K.K. Rokossovsky commanded the Ordinal mechanized corps on the Southwestern Guise. Member of the border battle place the Southwestern Front. From mid-July join August 10, 1941, he commanded excellent mobile army group of troops neat as a new pin the Western Front near Yartsevo. Illustriousness Yartsevo group of troops, headed bid K.K. Rokossovsky, stopped the powerful impact of the fascist troops.
From August 10, 1941 to July 1942 - Emperor of the 16th Army on rendering Western Front. Formations and units glimpse the army participated in the Mozhaisk-Maloyaroslavets (October 10-30, 1941), Klinsko-Solnechnogorsk (November 15-December 5, 1941) defensive operations. He attacked an important role in the espousal of Moscow. In January 1942, significance army fought offensive battles in rectitude Gzhatsk direction. He was seriously feeble in March 1942 in the free Sukhinichi by a shell fragment.
From July 14 to September 28, 1942 - Commander of the Bryansk Front, pass up September 28, 1942 to February 15, 1943 - Commander of the Put on Front. During the counter-offensive near Stalingrad (Stalingrad offensive operation from November 19, 1942 to February 2, 1943: (operations "Uranus" (November 19-30) and "Ring" (January 10-February 2, 1943)) front troops, charade together with the troops The Southwesterly and Stalingrad fronts broke through honesty enemy defenses and surrounded his group with a total number of excellent than 300 thousand people in grandeur interfluve of the Don and River and liquidated it.
From February 15 touch October 10, 1943 - Commander abide by the Central Front. He conducted trivial independent front-line operation in the Sevsk direction (February 25-March 28, 1943). Colleague of the Kromsko-Oryol operation (July 15-August 18, 1943), carried out as restrain of the Oryol offensive operation ("Kutuzov") (July 12-August 18, 1943). In righteousness Battle of Kursk, he showed embellished military skill in repelling the Germanic offensive, and then in the throw in the towel of the Oryol group during dignity counteroffensive. From August 26 to Sept 30, 1943, having carried out depiction Chernigov-Pripyat offensive operation in the combat for the Dnieper (as part interrupt the Chernigov-Poltava (August 26-September 30, 1943) operation, defeated the 2nd German service and successively forced the Desna, River and Pripyat , creating conditions hope against hope an offensive in Right-Bank Ukraine illustrious Belarus.
From October 10, 1943 to Feb 1944 - Commander of the Belorussian Front. He made a significant customs to the operation "Bagration", laid birth foundation for the liberation of Polska. He conducted independent front-line offensive race Gomel-Rechitsa (November 10-30, 1943), Kalinovichi-Mozyr (January 8-30, 1944), Rogachev-Zhlobinskaya (February 21-26, 1944). At the same time, he was a representative of the Stavka occupy coordinating the actions of the Ordinal Ukrainian Front.
From February to November 1944 - Commander of the 1st Belorussian Front (April 5-16, 1944 - Belorussian Front). The troops of the start carried out an independent Serotsky contentious operation (August 30-November 2, 1944). Shake off November 1944 to June 1945 - Commander of the 2nd Belorussian Innovation. The troops under his command participated in the Belorussian (June 23-August 29, 1944): Bobruisk (June 24-29, 1944), Capital (June 29-July 4, 1944), Lublin-Brest (July 18-August 2); East Prussian (January 13-April 25, 1945): Mlavsko-Elbing (January 14-26); Easterly Pomeranian (February 10-April 4, 1945): Chojnice-Közlinskaya (February 10-March 6, 1945), Danzig (March 7-31, 1945); Berlin (April 16-May 8, 1945): Stettin-Rostock (April 16-May 8, 1945) offensive operations.
At Order of the Commission of the Supreme Soviet of decency USSR of July 29, 1944 subsidize the exemplary performance of combat missions in directing the operations of excellence fronts, Marshal of the Soviet Joining Rokossovsky Konstantin Konstantinovich was awarded ethics title of Hero of the State Union with the Order of Bolshevik and the Gold Star medal (No. 5111).
At Kazom of the Presidium remind you of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 1, 1945 for high-mindedness skillful leadership of the front detachment in the East Prussian, East Spitz and Berlin operations, Marshal of illustriousness Soviet Union Rokossovsky Konstantin Konstantinovich was awarded the second Gold Star trimming (No. 54/II).
After the war, from June 1945 to October 1949, he was Commander-in-Chief of the Northern Group vacation Forces. From October 1949 to Nov 1956 - Deputy Chairman of nobility Council of Ministers and Minister funding National Defense of the Polish People's Republic. Member of the Politburo disseminate the Polish United Workers' Party (in 1950-1956), deputy of the Sejm, Assemble of Poland (1949). Consisted in "Polish citizenship".
From November 1956 to June 1957 - Deputy Minister of Defense dead weight the USSR. From June to Oct 19, 1957 and from December 31, 1957 to April 1962 - Important Inspector - Deputy Minister of Take care of of the USSR. Member of authority collegium of the Ministry of Provide for of the USSR. From October disparage December 1957 - Commander of dignity Transcaucasian Military District. From April 1962 to August 3, 1968 - Investigator General of the Group of Inspectors General of the USSR Ministries understanding Defense.
Member of the All-Russian Central Chief executive officer Committee in 1936-1937, member of representation Central Executive Committee of Belarus break into the 10th convocation, member of decency Central Committee of the Communist Special of Belarus. Deputy of the Matchless Soviet of the USSR of leadership 2nd, 5th-7th convocations (in 1946-1949, 1958-1968). Candidate member of the Central Body of the CPSU from October 1961 to August 1968.
K.K. Rokossovsky did straight lot to study and use picture experience of the last war professor to introduce the achievements of ethics scientific and technological revolution into noncombatant affairs. Author of the articles “The Battle Unparalleled” (about the Battle faultless Kursk), “The 2nd Belorussian Front reaction the Berlin Operation”, “Courage, Fortitude, Courage”, “On Belarusian Land”, “On the Volokolamsk Direction”, “On the Direction the prime blow" (on the liberation of Belarus), "On the Stalingrad direction", "On rectitude Central Front", "On the Central Vanguard in the summer of 1943", "From Gomel to Brest", "The Last Offering of the War", "Vice closed" (about Battle of Stalingrad"), "In the battles for the Polish Pomerania", "Outstanding victory" (on the 25th anniversary of excellence Battle of Kursk), "Two main blows", "North of Berlin", "A soldier in your right mind always a soldier", "Not a supremacy of respite for the retreating enemy" , “Blows that exhausted the combatant. From experience of battles”, “On high-mindedness Berlin and East Prussian directions”, “Victory on the Volga” and others.
Lived deduct Moscow. Died August 3, 1968. Covered in Red Square in Moscow. Class urn with his ashes is installed in the Kremlin wall (left side).
Divisional Commander (11/26/1935);
major general (06/04/1940);
lieutenant general (09/11/1941);
colonel general (01/15/1943);
army general (04/28/1943);
Marshal of the Council Union (06/29/1944).He was awarded the Set up of Victory (03/30/1945 - No. 6), 7 Orders of Lenin (08/16/1936, 01/2/1942, 07/29/1944, 02/21/1945, 12/25/1946, 12/20/1956, 12/20/1966), say publicly Order of the October Revolution (02/22/1968), 6 Orders of the Red Pennon (05/23/1920, 06/21/1922, 02/22/1930, 07/22/1941, 11/3/1944, 11/6/1947), Orders of Suvorov 1st degree (01/28/1943 - No. 5) , Kutuzov Ordinal degree (08/27/1943 - No. 145); medals "For the Defense of Moscow", "For the Defense of Stalingrad", "For illustriousness Liberation of Warsaw", "For the Motion picture of Koenigsberg", "For the Victory astound Germany in the Great Patriotic Hostilities of 1941-1945", "30 Years of representation Soviet Army and Navy", "40 of the Armed Forces of excellence USSR", "For the defense of Kyiv", "20 years of Victory in depiction Great Patriotic War", "50 years shambles the Armed Forces of the USSR", Honorary weapons with a golden progress of the State Emblem of ethics USSR (22.02.1968). Cavalier of foreign awards: Poland - Order of the Virtuti Military, 1st class with a practice (1945), Order of the Cross pleasant Grunwald, 1st class (1945), Order remind the Builders of People's Poland (1951), medals "For Warsaw" ( 1946), "For the Odra, Nisa and the Baltic" (1946), "Victory and Freedom" (1946); Writer - the Order of the Crowd of Honor (1945), the Military Blend of 1939 (1945); Great Britain - Knight Commander of the Order admire the Bath (1945); USA - Catalogue of the Legion of Honor set in motion the degree of commander (1946); Mongolia - the Order of the Blush Banner of War (1943), the Reconstitute of Sukhe-Bator (1961), the medal "Friendship" (1967); Denmark - medals "For Freedom" (1947); People's Republic of China - medal "For Merit to the Island Army" (1956).
Honorary citizen of the cities of Gomel (Belarus), Legnica (Poland), Metropolis (1967).
Bronze busts of K.K. Rokossovsky were installed in his homeland and herbaceous border the cities of Kursk, Gomel ray Sukhinichi (Kaluga region), Velikiye Luki, splendid monument - in the city longed-for Lechnitsa (Poland). The memorial plaque was installed in Moscow on the construction of the Military Academy named aft M.V. Frunze. A boulevard in Moscow, streets in Bobruisk, Volgograd, Gomel, Kaliningrad, Kyiv, Kursk, Nizhny Novgorod, Pskov, Rybinsk, Chernigov and other cities of honourableness former Soviet Union are named end the Hero. The name was gain to a ship built at nobility Gdansk shipyard. The Far East Finer Military Command School (Military Institute) research paper named after him.
* - (Military - historical magazine. - 2006. - Cack-handed. 5).
Biography supplemented by Alexander Semyonnikov
MATURITY Medium TALENT
AT heroic weeks and months advance the winter battles of 1941/42, which received the name "Battle of Moscow" in military history, the 16th legions, commanded by K.K. Rokossovsky, was proceed one of the hottest sites. Divulge this army, the 3rd Cavalry Women under the command of L.M. Dovator, 316th Rifle Division, commanded by I.V. Panfilov, the 78th Rifle Division, which arrived from Siberia - at divagate time it was commanded by Colonel A.P. Beloborodov and many, many others.
This period in the military biography be fond of K.K. Rokossovsky can be called conclusive. Here, in the battle near Moscow, the human and military character decompose the future Marshal of the Land Union manifested itself. It is too noteworthy that at this time life brought K.K. Rokossovsky with G.K. General, appointed commander of the Western Facing. Both generals - the commander ferryboat the front and the commander matching the army - not only knew each other well, but were following for many years, although time many a time separated them. They met back double up 1924 in Leningrad, at the Predominant Cavalry School. In the thirties, K.K. Rokossovsky in Minsk commanded a element in the cavalry corps of S.K. Timoshenko, and G.K. Zhukov was elegant regimental commander in this division. Appal months before the war, General appreciate the Army G.K. Zhukov commanded glory district, and Major General K.K. Rokossovsky - with a corps in influence same district.
AT early March 1942, considering that the 16th Army, developing the nasty, liberated the city of Sukhinichi, K.K. Rokossovsky was seriously wounded by uncut shell fragment that flew into glory window of the army headquarters. Glory commander was taken to Moscow, know the hospital. This was his 3rd wound in his years of seizure in the army. And the individual of a Warsaw railway engineer began to serve in the army carry in the years of the Prime World War. The first bullet grimace of K.K. Rokossovsky received on birth night of November 7, 1919, conj at the time that he commanded a separate Ural horse division. The division entered the elicit of Kolchak, defeated the headquarters lose their group, captured many prisoners. Middle a minute of a fight territory Kolchak's general Voskresensky K.K. Rokossovsky was wounded in the shoulder. Voskresensky blunt not fare well either. Rokossovsky dealt him a fatal blow with adroit saber. The second wound - regulate June 1921 on the border engross Mongolia, when the 35th cavalry whip into shape, commanded by K.K. Rokossovsky, attacked description Ungerian cavalry. The commander of loftiness red regiment hacked to death indefinite enemy horsemen, but he himself was seriously wounded in the leg. Title now - the third time, associate more than twenty years ...
The leading year of the war was tidy year of hard trials and unsavable losses. But this year was further a great school of courage. Prep below combat conditions, the army trained avoid singled out from its midst much commanding cadres who, standing at probity head of divisions, corps, armies trip fronts, not only held their fort against the hordes of the Nazis, but also dealt the enemy cool after blow, and then led their troops to west until the unvanquished end of the war in Berlin.
Among the talented military leaders was, decay course, K.K. Rokossovsky. In July 1942 he became commander of the Bryansk Front. The Nazis had already reached the Don, were eager for prestige Volga. There were stubborn battles look after Voronezh. The Bryansk Front covered probity exposed rear from the north topmost conducted diversionary operations, crashing into picture flanks of German formations rushing success the east.
O Once, returning from distinction advanced units to the village noise Nizhny Olshanets, located fifteen kilometers orient of Yelets - the headquarters help the Bryansk Front was located in attendance - I came to K.K., who had recently taken command of position front. Rokossovsky. The sentries and high-mindedness adjutant knew me, so they instantaneously let me into the room consider it served as the general's office move bedroom. I entered without warning. Rendering general was not at the fare. Nor was he in bed. Funny looked around. Legs stuck out carry too far under the bed. And soon significance general himself appeared. He, a slight embarrassed, greeted and said:
- Unwillingness down, reading a book. He dozed off, and she fell out make famous his hands. It fell between excellence wall and the bed. Here Hysterical got...I really wanted to know what book it was. While our chitchat was going on, I glanced distinct times at the book lying relationship the table. It was very similar of a volume of the successfully publications "Academy", which came out toy us in the late twenties. Plus our conversation, if I may regulation so, was of a general nature.
Asking where I was and what Unrestrained saw - and I was bay the army of General N.E. Chibisov and observed the active defense fuse the area of the village be more or less Surikov in action, where our becoming beat the enemy great, - Rokossovsky advised:
- Go to the Thirteenth Army to Nikolai Pavlovich Pukhov. Turnout excellent general, energetic, enterprising. He has good military training and rich workaday experience. A rifle brigade has freshly arrived in his army. See nevertheless this brigade fights.Of course, I went to the 13th Army and the "restless" brigade, as it was called at the front. And was very happy with the recommendation. Wild became friends with the 13th Swarm for a long time, and in opposition to the brigade commander, then Colonel A.A. Kazaryan, later Major General, Hero endowment the Soviet Union, front-line roads bow me together more than once. Class trip to the brigade gave easy to get to a lot, I saw brave warriors who did not give the opposing a break: either they went gap reconnaissance in force, then they speechlessly dug under the enemy’s trenches, forcing him to give up positions, as a result they went on deep reconnaissance bear dragged Germans of various kinds connect with gags in their mouths military ranks.
Command of the Bryansk Front for K.K. Rokossovsky was short-lived, served as spick kind of school. Then he compulsory the fronts on many decisive borderland of the battle with German fascism.
AT September 1942, when the situation preparation the Stalingrad direction sharply escalated champion the enemy, developing an offensive gravel the interfluve between the Don elitist the Volga, in some places flat broke through to the Volga, K.K. Rokossovsky was summoned to the Base of the Supreme High Command. No problem was ordered to take command be bought the Stalingrad Front, which was before long renamed the Don Front.
As you conclude, subsequently, the soldiers of the Easy-goingness Front under the command of K.K. Rokossovsky had a historical mission: acquiesce take part in the November unsavoury near Stalingrad, which ended in excellence complete encirclement of the 6th European army, and then in the yell and capture of the encircled grey of the German Field Marshal Paulus. The troops of the front coped with this mission perfectly, and Common Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky, who commanded them, won love and respect not solitary among the troops he led, however also among the entire Soviet people.
On February 2, 1943, the remnants show consideration for the German group surrounded in description Stalingrad region surrendered - over 90 thousand prisoners in total, including 2500 officers, 24 generals led by Turn Marshal Paulus. And the trophies were huge. On February 3, the boss of the Don Front interrogated grandeur prisoners, drove around the fields be beneficial to past battles. On February 5, grand city rally was being prepared hem in Stalingrad to commemorate the victory. Nevertheless Rokossovsky did not have a stumble on not only to speak, even catch attend this rally. On February 4, he was called to Headquarters. Grandeur headquarters and administration of the Assume Front were renamed Central. It was necessary to hastily relocate a enormous headquarters facility from near Stalingrad shield the Yelets region, where the Ordinal, 65th combined arms armies and probity 16th air army, which had at one time been part of the Don Finish, were also transferred.
The commander of excellence new front was given the pinch of deploying between the Bryansk skull Voronezh fronts, which at that former were developing the offensive, and levy a deep enveloping blow on influence flank and rear of the enemy's Oryol grouping. A few days afterward, the headquarters and administration of ethics Central Front were already in position Yelets area. On February 12, prestige right neighbor - the Bryansk Anterior - went on the offensive present-day in some places advanced 30 kilometers, but was soon forced to discontinue, in particular on the outskirts achieve Maloarkhangelskoye. During the fighting, the Thirteenth Army was transferred from Bryansk say nice things about the Central Front.
At that time Beside oneself was in units of the Thirteenth Army. Through deep snow trenches set in different directions, we on influence emka made our way to say publicly town of Maloarkhangelsk and ended almost at the headquarters of Colonel A.A. Kazaryan. His brigade received significant contract for store and was reorganized into a division.
Having finished the battle for the hamlet, the regiments of the division, next the order of the command, bound 1 themselves on the occupied lines, dug in. The hospitable Andronik Abramovich Ghazaryan treated us to dinner. Usually brief in his judgments, he talked pocket-sized dinner:
- Do you already have a collection of that our 13th Army has antiquated transferred from the Bryansk Front slate the Central? And who commands excellence Central?You know too. I must impart you, Rokossovsky is an extraordinary person! Humanity! For the third day at the present time, I have been under the belief of meeting with him. It was like this: our division and justness neighboring one - on the okay and on the left - were ordered to take Maloarkhangelsk by communicate on the move. But this zone turned out to be a uncultured nut to crack. When we went to him and began the disobey, the German garrison of this shelter center received large reinforcements, jaeger battalions were transferred here. "Hold the About Arkhangelsk bridgehead at any cost," was the order from Berlin. For wellnigh two weeks, we and our neighbors fought hard battles. But the immediate area could not be taken. Commander Nikolai Pavlovich Pukhov both admonished and blasted, made phone calls and himself came several times to the observation publicize of the division. And we program all treading water and treading bottled water. Just hit the wall. They were morally depressed. Everywhere successes, but nearby. Suddenly the army commander called: "Leave for the front headquarters immediately. Boss around will be thrashed on the be foremost day." I phoned my neighbors, both divisional commanders are generals. Let's sip together. On the way to justness headquarters of the front, I examine them: "I am a colonel, they will give me a regiment, Comical will command it. And you, generals, it is inconvenient to go assign the regiments. Eh?" The day was stormy and frosty. On the advance, we got a little cold. Well-ordered member of the Military Council tumble us and said: "Go to grandeur commander, he will warm you advantageous much that it will be hot!" We go, we are silent, surprise went deep into heavy reflections. Justness adjutant, having reported, invited us stick to the commander's room. Rokossovsky, together capable the chief of staff Malinin, insincere on the map. Having met scores of, he ordered the adjutant with shipshape and bristol fashion glance: "Organize the seagulls." Well, Unrestrained think, at first he will bevvy in tea, and then ... With then that's what happened. We drank tea, we sit, we are quiet. The front commander, having finished pointless on the map, comes up squeeze us. Tall, slim, well, just slick. At first sight I fell weight love with him. He shook nontoxic with each and asked: "Do boss around guess why I invited you here?" "That's right," we reply. "If sell something to someone know, is it worth wasting age talking? Get to your units get a move on. I expect good messages tomorrow. Keep a good trip!" I don’t remember what the commanders of neighboring divisions did, but I, without stopping undergo the headquarters of the division, without delay went to the regiments and battalions, told everything I could tell request the meeting with K.K. Rokossovsky. Justness assault on Maloarkhangelsk was scheduled look after six in the morning. And swot noon I was already here, indication a report to the commander grounding the front. This method of crowd leadership can safely be called a- classic.
H I spent many months concord the Central Front, more than without delay heard stories about the peculiar diagram of K.K. Rokossovsky in the ascendancy of the troops and subordinates, reflect on the ever-deepening respect for him counter the troops. As you know, force leadership talent is manifested not solitary in the ways of commanding armed force - this is one side observe talent. Commander's talent is manifested epoxy resin an accurate and only correct profit of the situation and the indispensable decisions arising from this situation. Familiarity of the enemy's forces, his likely, immediate and long-term intentions. The fidelity to predict the possible course confiscate events and prepare for them. Add up to preempt the enemy, to thwart reward plan. And in the course exhaustive a combat operation, skillfully dispose slant reserves, quickly change the direction confiscate strikes. Combine risk with the littlest expenditure of effort and money. Detour a word, military leadership talent recap all-encompassing. A real commander is foremost to the enemy in every veneration, and this ensures his victory.
AT Many these, and many other qualities go may be included in the doctrine of military leadership talent, were manifestly and vividly shown by the man of the Central Front, K.K. Rokossovsky on the Kursk, or, as be a smash hit is also called, the Fiery Bulge.
For seven days, the Germans continuously mincing our troops in a narrow sphere in the direction of Ponyri. Sturdy columns of “tigers” were brought sting battle, more and more infantry befitting rushed to break through our defenses, cannons and mortars spewed deadly mixture, enemy aircraft were constantly hanging unappealing the air. However, the enemies call for only failed to break out talk of the operational space, they were incapable to overcome our multi-layered defenses obtain, at the cost of heavy wounded, only made a kind of bend in the Ponyri area. By July 12, the power of their attacks clearly began to weaken, the bolster were coming to an end. Inspect the battle on the Kursk Shunt, in its northern section, the fascistic operation "Citadel" came to its depreciatory end. The 48th, 13th and Lxx armies of the Central Front, which took the main blow of loftiness Germans, by July 12th threw distinction enemy back to their original positions with a counterattack, and on July 15th all the troops of character front, interacting with the right neighbors, went on the offensive. On Revered 5, the first salute thundered retort Moscow: the troops of the Inner, Bryansk and Western fronts liberated Orel, and the Voronezh and Stepnoy fronts liberated Belgorod.
In August 1943, when say publicly troops of the Central Front, blooming the offensive, went to the River, I was returning from the advance units to the front communications feelings and noticed the commander’s car interleave one of the clearings in rank forest. Has stopped. I wanted acquiescence ask the adjutant why K.K. Rokossovsky, but did not have time add up do it - Konstantin Konstantinovich came out of the forest with keen double-barreled shotgun on his shoulder. Evade waiting for my question, he said:
- Things are going well tutor us, I decided to take clean break. And hunting is the superlative recreation.For more than a month, sentence the hottest days of the enmity on the Kursk Bulge, I plain-spoken not meet K.K. Rokossovsky, although of course often visited units, especially in divisions of the 13th Army. Talking laurels the commander, I asked:
- Timetabled which army were you most prime all in the hot days pass judgment on defense?None! - followed the answer. - I did not leave my school post, which was located in dignity main direction in the area signal your intention the 13th army. The front progression not the army. While commanding character army, I was often at class fiery patch of events. The model commander needs to know and image the overall picture of the conflict, to maneuver forces in time. Nevertheless, of course, not always and moan in all cases the front governor should be chained to his pale. Depending on the circumstances, the crowned head should be where it is work up convenient and better for him stalk manage the troops.
Handing over the double-barrelled shotgun to the adjutant, and so, as if saying goodbye to young adult hour's rest, Konstantin Konstantinovich continued:
- Do you know what is remarkably important? At the most crucial tick of the battle (the beginning help an operation, its critical phase, recall repelling a counterattack), the commander forced to set an example of calmness trip confidence. If the commander is harmony, if he does not worry, does not fuss, then he is sure in the success of the going, and this confidence is transferred pull out the troops subordinate to him.And bolster I remembered the volume of influence publishing house "Academy", which was question by K.K. Rokossovsky a little recover a year ago, when he esoteric just taken command of the Bryansk Front. Indeed, times have changed, be aware of has accumulated, tasks have become much complicated. If near Yartsevo, in leadership forest near the Minsk highway, interpretation presence of a general on loftiness front line raised the fighters convey attack, now the calmness of Common Rokossovsky instilled confidence in the creation outcome of the front-line operation.
M Consent is possible to give many many examples of the maturity of K.K. Rokossovsky, when he commanded the Ordinal Belorussian, and then the 2nd Belorussian Front, led powerful offensive operations, crowning in the defeat of enemy augmentation in the Belarusian and Polish demesne, in East Prussia and Pomerania, pinch the Oder, up to the unsubdued exit to the Elbe. Each a variety of these operations wove another branch turn-off the laurel wreath of glory twig which our people crowned the heroes of the Great Patriotic War.
The rearmost, victorious stage of the war. Blue blood the gentry troops aimed directly at Germany were led by the commanders of duo fronts: in the center - greatness 1st Belorussian under the command resolve Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov, on the right - rendering 2nd Belorussian under the command be totally convinced by Marshal of the Soviet Union K.K. Rokossovsky and on the left - the 1st Ukrainian under the walk of Marshal of the Soviet Combination I.S. Konev. The three most memorable and famous commanders for the actions of their troops marched at authority head of the troops that inflicted the last, mortal blow on European fascism. And it was symbolic. Though symbolic was the order of loftiness Supreme Commander-in-Chief:
"AT commemoration of the bring down over Germany in the Great Flag-waving War, I appoint on June 24, 1945 in Moscow, on Red Four-sided, a parade of troops of greatness Army, the Navy and the Moscow garrison - the Victory Parade ...
To accept the Victory Parade to empty Deputy Marshal of the Soviet Junction G.K. Zhukov, to command the coordinate - Marshal of the Soviet Undividedness K.K. Rokossovsky".
P after the end accomplish the war, K.K. Rokossovsky was illustriousness commander-in-chief of the troops of ethics group of troops, the commander remember the district troops, and the replacement minister of defense of the USSR. In 1949, at the request make a fuss over the Polish government, K.K. Rokossovsky residue for Poland, where he was equipped Minister of National Defense and Agent Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Polish Republic. He was awarded the title of Marshal interrupt Poland.
In March 1956 I was weight Poland. Was in parts of rendering Polish Army. In those days, overexert soldiers, officers to generals of primacy Polish Army, I heard words worldly love and great respect addressed side K.K. Rokossovsky, under whose command character Soviet troops liberated a significant end of the territory of Poland, rank country of childhood and youth lay into Konstantin Konstantinovich, and contributed to glory reunification of its Baltic lands lift Poland.
Returning from Poland, K.K. Rokossovsky was the Deputy Minister of Defense carp the USSR. An outstanding military character, a talented commander, K.K. Rokossovsky outspoken a lot of party and claim work. He was elected a courier to several party congresses, was straighten up member of the Central Committee invite the CPSU, and was a surrogate of the Supreme Soviet of greatness USSR of many convocations.
P the ultimate years of K.K. Rokossovsky was extremely ill. In the early sixties, Irrational met him in a sanatorium away Moscow, where he came for natty short rest after a long beam in the hospital. Together with vacationers, he walked along the alleys pointer the park, talked animatedly, recalled brave episodes from the times of illustriousness Civil and Great Patriotic Wars, gladly told funny stories.
Hard work, great warrant for work, great knowledge, high habitual culture, courage and courage, multiplied beside experience and talent, have won enormous respect and heartfelt love for Konstantin Konstantinovich among our people. One spend the vacationers told him about scrape by. He replied shyly:
- I possess been working since the age remaining twelve, in the army since 1914, that is, from the first period of the First World War. Cultivate October 1917 he joined the Remove clothes Guard. He went all the break free from soldier to marshal. All put off I have, all this gave creek hard, everyday work. I am excellence son of the glorious Communist Outfit and the most ordinary among others.AT December 1966, the country celebrated blue blood the gentry seventieth anniversary of the beloved man. August 3, 1968 K.K. Rokossovsky epileptic fit after a severe long illness.
Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky commanded the Victory Parade incline 1945. Before the Great Patriotic Warfare, he was under investigation and was even twice taken out to superiority shot. During the war, he unattractive at the origins of the best bib operations of the Red Army.
The beginning of the battle caught Konstantin Rokossovsky in Ukraine although commander of the 9th mechanized omplement company. His corps, among a number flash other formations, took part in distinct of the largest tank battles extent the Great Patriotic and World Combat II near Lutsk and Dubno, situation the counterattack of the Soviet containerful units delayed for a while, on the contrary did not lead to the worried of the 1st German tank group.
Rokossovsky later recalled the actions of justness Soviet anti-aircraft gunners, who defeated birth German column with 85 mm ordnance on the Lutsk-Rivne road: “The gunners let the Nazis come closer bracket opened fire. A monstrous traffic lash formed on the highway from grandeur wreckage of motorcycles and armored vehicles, the corpses of the Nazis. Nevertheless the advancing enemy troops continued pause move forward by inertia, and fade out guns received more and more pristine targets.
In the autumn end 1941, the troops of the Ordinal Army of Rokossovsky reliably blocked prestige Leningrad and Volokolamsk highways, along which the enemy sought to break utilize to Moscow. For two weeks, rectitude army held the line against picture vastly superior enemy forces.
Rokossovsky created vivid anti-tank and artillery pockets of collection in the most dangerous areas, forcing the enemy to break through spare and more new positions, used integrity tanks he had not only ruin enemy infantry, but also - perception - to fight enemy tanks. Both highways were mined, the locks commemorate the Istra reservoir were also dishevelled up, which greatly slowed down description advance of the enemy tank group.
It was in the 16th Army fine Rokossovsky near Moscow that the notable divisions of I.V. Panfilov and A.P. Beloborodov, the tank brigade of M.E. Katukov and the cavalry corps outline L.M. Dovator fought.
During the final mistreat of the Battle of Stalingrad, Rokossovsky led the actions of the Head Front, which were supposed to drum from the north on the extensive flanks of the German troops significant their allies during Operation Uranus. Rokossovsky's troops completely coped with the task: breaking through the defense in entail, they pinned down the enemy predominant did not allow him to uphold off powerful attacks on the flanks of the 6th German army. Regulate November 23, 1942, the troops additional the Southwestern and Stalingrad fronts accomplished the encirclement ring, in which virtually 300,000 enemy groups found themselves.
In the summer of 1943, the Basic Front under the command of Rokossovsky occupied the northern face of blue blood the gentry Kursk salient, where one of depiction largest battles of the Second Environment War broke out on July Ordinal. Back in the spring of 1943, Konstantin Konstantinovich put forward the given of the need to organize skilful strong defense of the ledge, forward that it was on this facet of the Soviet-German front that illustriousness enemy would try to seize blue blood the gentry initiative lost at Stalingrad.
Rokossovsky proposed know concentrate powerful reserves in the discipline of the arc in order raise repel the enemy strike and mull it over the timely transition of our command to the counteroffensive. As a objective, on the northern face of illustriousness Kursk Bulge, German troops were most likely to advance only 12-15 km, gaining suffered significant losses. Favorable conditions were created for the troops of honesty Central Front to go on representation offensive in the Oryol direction (Operation Kutuzov).
One of the most famous operations in the military biography revenue Marshal Rokossovsky was the Bobruisk obnoxious operation in June 1944 - back into a corner of the famous Operation Bagration. Emphasis five days of fighting, having amenable through the enemy's defenses on fine two hundred-kilometer section of the obverse, Rokossovsky's troops advanced 100-110 km. Delineated the deep and pre-prepared defense oust the enemy, the pace of significance offensive was very high - 22 kilometers per day. In the Bobruisk region, a large German group was surrounded and defeated. June 29, 1944 Rokossovsky was awarded the title holdup Marshal of the Soviet Union.
During the Berlin offensive, Konstantin Rokossovsky moneyed the troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front, whose forces were to join together north of Berlin. According to illustriousness plan of the commander, the throng of the front were to give the main blow along the bank of the Oder.
It was indispensable to cut off the 3rd Germanic Panzer Army from Berlin, and at that time destroy it, pressing it to distinction Baltic coast. During the fighting, Rokossovsky's troops pinned down large German bolstering, preventing the enemy command from transportation them to the Berlin direction, wheel the 1st Belorussian Front under integrity command of Georgy Zhukov was wince. At the final stage of honesty operation, Rokossovsky's troops reached the seashore of the Baltic Sea, and as well occupied the islands of Wollin, Cast-off and Rügen.
The years 1949-1956 were marked by Rokossovsky's service in Polska. In the Polish People's Republic, stylishness became a member of the first state leadership, having received the give a call of Marshal of Poland, was fit Minister of National Defense. Later, Rokossovsky was appointed Deputy Prime Minister.
Konstantin Konstantinovich did a lot to strengthen representation Polish army - the army was reorganized and the network of railways and roads was improved in critical interests. Among the marshal's awards was the "Grunwald Cross" 1st class - one of the most significant militaristic awards in post-war Poland. In significance autumn of 1956, in connection succumb the aggravation of the internal state situation in Poland, a decision was made to recall the Soviet employees who were part of the Typeface Army. Rokossovsky. On November 13, 1956, the marshal resigned.
The greatest happiness use a soldier is the realization depart you helped your people defeat greatness enemy, defend the freedom of loftiness Motherland, restore peace to it. Leadership consciousness that you have fulfilled your duty as a soldier, a massy and noble duty, higher than which there is nothing on earth!
K.K. Rokossovsky
Marshal of the Soviet Union Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky was born in Warsaw, the capital of the Kingdom unmoving Poland, which is part of justness Russian Empire, on December 21, 1896. Father, Xavier Jozef Rokossovsky, a Stick by birth, worked as an auditor-inspector on the railway, his mother was a Russian teacher Antonina Ovsyannikova.
Konstantin was left without a father belittling the age of six, and take away 1911 his mother also died, surrender acceptance the boy and younger sister alone.
1914 First World War. Konstantin Rokossovsky volunteered for the front, whirl location he was accepted into the Ordinal Kargopol Dragoon Regiment (dragoons are unembellished branch of the armed forces athletic of fighting on horseback and care for foot). Within a few days, yes distinguished himself during equestrian reconnaissance, perform which he was awarded the Extract. George medal of the 4th distinction for courage and ingenuity. March 9, 1917 Rokossovsky, holder of 3 Rush. George awards, promoted to non-commissioned officer.
In October 1917, Konstantin awfully changes his life - he joins the ranks of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA) as trivial ordinary soldier. Soldier's life is party calm - for two years Rokossovsky bravely fought against enemies. Fratricidal, laical war in full swing.
For military dexterousness, courage, honesty and modesty, in 1919 he again became an officer - squadron commander, and a year closest - commanded a separate cavalry discipline. In the same year he connubial the Bolshevik Party.
In August 1925 good taste graduated from the Cavalry advanced upbringing courses for command personnel, where cadets also G.K. Zhukov, and A.I. Eremenko (in the future Marshals of rectitude Soviet Union). In 1929 - forwardlooking training courses for senior officers inspect the Academy. M.V. Frunze.
In the interval from 1926 to 1928 - noncombatant adviser in Mongolia. Until the mid-30s, as part of special forces, noteworthy ensured the security of the Emotion in the Far East. After defer, he took command of the horsemen corps.
In 1937 he received the standing of commander, and received the management of the 2nd mechanized corps.
During significance Stalinist repressions, at the end confront the 30s, when the commanders have a phobia about the senior staff of the Subservient Army were imprisoned or destroyed, try out a false denunciation, the commander was accused of spying for Poland put forward Japan. Konstantin Rokossovsky was demoted lecture dismissed from the army and then arrested.
Subjected to moral torture and beatings, they imitated execution twice, firing steadfast blank charges. The investigation, which lasted three years, after the appeal pray to the People's Commissar of Defense delineate the USSR S.K. Timoshenko personally make a distinction I.V. Stalin, was closed in 1940 and released in March.
Konstantin Rokossovsky was rehabilitated and restored in all claim. In the same year, he was awarded the rank of major typical of the mechanized troops. After end a health rehabilitation course, Konstantin Konstantinovich was appointed commander of the Ordinal mechanized corps.
On the morning of June 22, 1941, Rokossovsky raised the corps traveling fair alert, which, having made a many-kilometer march, immediately entered the battle.
From rank memoirs of Marshal of the Country Union I.Kh. Bagramyan:
“The decisive famous enterprising corps commander on the observe first day of the war, presume risk and peril, took vehicles deviate the district reserve - and close to were about two hundred - rootbound infantry on them and moved arrangement front of the corps in natty combined march. The approach of seemly to the Lutsk region saved ethics situation. They stopped the enemy tanks that had broken through and if assistance to the formations retreating auspicious a difficult situation.
The first months enjoy yourself 1941 were heavy, bloody battles, beyond tank support and a lack discern transport. But, despite this, the 9th corps left the lines only fail to notice order and greatly exhausted the Nazis, inflicting damage and frustrating plans become advance to the east.
Near Moscow K.K. Rokossovsky (already commander of the Sixteenth Army) showed talent as a emperor, holding back the onslaught of greatness fascist army on the northwestern approaches to the capital, did everything stop at stop the enemy. Rokossovsky contrasted smashing deep anti-tank defense, high activity nearby maneuver against an enemy tank down tools, and during the counteroffensive, to make progress success, he created two motorized assemblys in the army, combined a smack from the front, bypassing and thither the enemy. Konstantin Konstantinovich constantly capture an example for his subordinates female vivacity, energy, innovation in solving efficient and tactical tasks.
CM. Shtemenko, General pray to the Army:
“The military leader pace of Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky is notice colorful. The most difficult role crust to his share in the eminent Smolensk battle of 1941 and solution defensive battles on the near approaches to Moscow ... The personal talisman of Konstantin Konstantinovich is irresistible ... He was not only infinitely reputable, but also sincerely loved by each who happened to come into stir with him in the service.
In goodness most difficult October 1941, in spiffy tidy up conversation with a correspondent of leadership Krasnaya Zvezda, he confidently said:
“While fighting near Moscow, one must collect about Berlin. Soviet troops will undeniably be in Berlin.”
Returning to grandeur troops (May 1942), to the advantage, after being seriously wounded (March 1942), Rokossovsky commanded in different periods disbursement the Great Patriotic War: the Bryansk, Don, Central, Belorussian, 2nd Belorussian fronts.
The Battle of Stalingrad and Kursk, blue blood the gentry Belorussian, East Prussian, East Pomeranian, Songster operations, where the troops under grandeur command of the commander proved with valor.
In the Battle of Stalingrad, the troops of the Don Forward movement during the counteroffensive and the horde of the South-Western and Stalingrad fronts overthrew the defense and encircled drawing enemy group of fascists numbering 335 thousand people near the Volga illustrious Don interfluves, and defeated it.
Leading nobleness troops of the Central Front, nearby Kursk, he showed far-sightedness: he insisted on a defense strategy, instead pointer an offensive. Having repelled the European offensive, the troops of the Inner Front launched a counteroffensive, and persist August 5, 1943, they liberated righteousness city of Orel.
After the success hole the Battle of Kursk, Rokossovsky was already spoken of as a useful strategist. The commander could foresee description conceived and planned actions of righteousness enemy and with much smaller revive to withstand a massive offensive. Rokossovsky literally read the thoughts of grandeur enemy, and he could not slacken anything about it, suffering defeat greater than and over again.
He showed benignity, originality of operational thinking, confidence follow the correctness of the decision troublefree in the preparation of Operation Bagration (1944), during which the German Drove Group Center (the most powerful carp the three army groups of Socialism Germany, concentrated to attack the USSR according to plan "Barbarossa") suffered expert crushing defeat in Belarus.
Two deep, coinciding blows to the enemy, deprived him of the ability to quickly deception and move manpower and equipment. Fancy two months, Belarus was free (July 3, 1944, Minsk was liberated), gift with it part of the Sea states and Poland.
On June 29, 1944, for the brilliantly conducted Operation Bagration, Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky was awarded honourableness title of Marshal of the Council Union, and on July 30, authority title of Hero of the Council Union.
The further defeat of large adversary groups in 1945 in the Eastward Prussian, East Pomeranian and Berlin story (troops of the 2nd Belorussian Head start pinned down the main forces be bought the 3rd German tank army) part examples of successful military operations faux Rokossovsky's military leadership.
A.M. Vasilevsky, Lawman of the Soviet Union:
« Commanding a number of fronts, and again in very responsible areas, Konstantin Konstantinovich, with his hard work, great admit, courage, courage, great capacity for tool and constant concern for his subordinates, earned himself exceptional respect and earnest love. I am happy that Uncontrolled had the opportunity during the Useful Patriotic War to be a observer to the military talent of Konstantin Konstantinovich, his enviable calmness in shuffle cases, the ability to find trig wise solution to the most burdensome issue».
June 24, 1945 K.K. Rokossovsky mandatory the Victory Parade in Moscow, which was received by Marshal G.K. Zhukov.
“I took the command of the Attainment Parade as the highest award friendship all my many years of instigate in the Armed Forces,” Marshal uttered at the Kremlin reception in devote of the parade participants
After righteousness war, Konstantin Konstantinovich was first ruler in chief of the Northern Assembly of Forces, and then, at nobleness personal request of Polish President Butter-fingered. Bierut, served as Minister of Countrywide Defense of the country. In 1956 he returned to the USSR chance on the post of Minister of Provide for. Removed from office by order obvious N.S. Khrushchev when he refused inclination denigrate Stalin in his memoirs.
Marshal Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky died on August 3, 1968 in Moscow.
Marshal Rokossovsky displayed indefinite facts of his biography in rule memoirs " soldier's duty"(1968).
Konstantin Konstantinovich (Ksaverievich) Rokossovsky (Polish Konstanty Rokossowski). Born Dec 9 (21), 1896 in Warsaw, Nation of Poland, Russian Empire - on top form August 3, 1968 in Moscow. Country and Polish military leader, Marshal sustenance the Soviet Union (1944), Marshal be partial to Poland (1949). Commanded the Victory File. One of the greatest commanders appreciated World War II. Twice Hero encourage the Soviet Union (1944, 1945).
After mind awarded the title twice Hero promote the Soviet Union, Velikiye Luki began to indicate the place of extraction, where the bust of Rokossovsky was installed. According to a brief memories written on December 27, 1945, subside was born in the city observe Velikiye Luki (according to a sheet dated April 22, 1920 - reside in the city of Warsaw).
Father - Crook Xavier Jozef Rokossovsky (1853-1902), descended disseminate the gentry family of Rokossovskys (coat of arms Glyaubich or Oksha), attender of the Warsaw Railway. His blood lost their nobility in the core of the 19th century. Great-grandfather - Jozef Rokossovsky, second lieutenant of righteousness 2nd Lancers Regiment of the Responsibility of Warsaw, participant in the Loyal War of 1812. Mother - Byelorussian Antonina (Atonida) Ovsyannikova (d. 1911), educator, originally from Telekhan (Belarus).
His father send him to study at Anton Lagun's paid technical school, but died imaginable October 4 (17), 1902 (according belong Rokossovsky's questionnaire, at the time friendly his father's death he was 6 years old, and the technical institute did not fit in here). Konstantin worked as an assistant pastry chatelaine, then as a dentist, and story 1909-1914 as a stonemason in decency workshop of Stefan Vysotsky, the accumulate of his aunt Sophia, in Warsaw, and then in the town influence Gruets, 35 km southwest of Warsaw. In 1911, his mother died. Espouse self-education Konstantin read many books fasten Russian and Polish.
On August 2, 1914, 18-year-old (according to the questionnaire, however in reality - 20-year-old) Konstantin, orang-utan a volunteer (hunter) joined the Ordinal squadron of the 5th Kargopol Railroad Regiment of the 5th Cavalry Parceling of the 12th Army. In Apr 1920, filling out a candidate pass for filling command positions, Rokossovsky personal to that he served as a act in the tsarist army and continuous from 5 classes of a gym. In fact, he served only whereas a hunter (volunteer) and, therefore, sincere not have the necessary educational fitness in the 6th grade of high-mindedness gymnasium in order to serve makeover volunteers. On August 8, Rokossovsky especial himself during equestrian reconnaissance near greatness village of Yastrzhem, for which subside was awarded the St. George Explosion of the 4th degree and promoted to corporal. Participated in the battles near Warsaw, learned how to apply a horse, mastered a rifle, brand and pike.
In early April 1915, significance division was transferred to Lithuania. Brush the battle near the city chide Ponevezh, Rokossovsky attacked a German persuasion battery, for which he was debonair to the St. George Cross reproach the 3rd degree, but did wail receive an award. In the armed struggle for the railway station Troshkuny, align with several dragoons, he secretly captured the trench of the German wing guard, and on July 20 grace was awarded the St. George decoration of the 4th degree. The Kargopol regiment waged a trench war extensive the banks of the Western Dvina. In the winter and spring rivalry 1916, as part of a partial detachment formed from dragoons, Konstantin ordinarily crossed the river for the goal of reconnaissance. On May 6, home in on the attack of the German community, he received the St. George award of the 3rd degree. In decency detachment, he met non-commissioned officer Adolf Yushkevich, who had revolutionary views. Attach importance to June, he returned to the systematize, where he again crossed the file on a reconnaissance search.
At the endorse of October, he was transferred adjacent to the training team of the Ordinal reserve cavalry regiment. In February 1917, the Kargopol regiment was reorganized, Rokossovsky got into the 4th squadron, wayout with other fighters, crossed the Dvina on the ice and attacked blue blood the gentry German guards. On March 5, leadership regiment was temporarily in the educate, was convened, and in front last part the horse formation, the colonel interpret out the act of the waiver of Nicholas II from the leader. On March 11, the regiment swore allegiance to the Provisional Government. Free from doubt supporters of the Bolsheviks appeared choose by ballot the regiment, among whom was Ivan Tyulenev, according to Order No. 1 of the Petrograd Soviet, a regimental committee was elected. On March 29, Rokossovsky was promoted to junior non-commissioned officer.
The Germans were advancing on Capital. From August 19, the Kargopol institutionalize covered the retreat of infantry with convoys in Latvia. On August 23, Rokossovsky, with a group of dragoons, went on reconnaissance near the city of Kronenberg and discovered a European column moving along the Pskov roadway. On August 24, 1917, he was presented and on November 21 was awarded the St. George medal disregard the 2nd degree. The dragoons select Rokossovsky to the squadron, and proof to the regimental committee, which unequivocal the life of the regiment. Relative - colleague Franz Rokossovsky with elegant group of Pole dragoons returned say yes Poland and joined a military structuring formed by the leaders of glory Polish nationalists. In December 1917, Konstantin Rokossovsky, Adolf Yushkevich and other dragoons joined the Red Guard. At class end of December, the Kargopol mass-produce was transferred to the rear designate the east. On April 7, 1918, at the Dikaya station, west remove Vologda, the 5th Kargopol Dragoon Assimilate was disbanded.
Since October 1917, he gladly transferred to the Red Guard (to the Kargopol Red Guard detachment gorilla an ordinary Red Guard), then curry favor the Red Army.
From November 1917 forbear February 1918, as part of description Kargopol Red Guard Cavalry Detachment, since an assistant to the head position the detachment, Rokossovsky participated in description suppression of counter-revolutionary uprisings in nobility region of Vologda, Buy, Galich gleam Soligalich. From February to July 1918, he took part in the ending of anarchist and Cossack counter-revolutionary deeds in the Slobozhanshchina (near Kharkov, Unecha, Mikhailovsky farm) and in the Karachev-Bryansk region. In July 1918, as heyday of the same detachment, he was transferred to the Eastern Front at hand Yekaterinburg (Yekaterinburg was renamed Sverdlovsk management 1924) and participated in battles acquiesce the White Guards and Czechoslovaks underneath Art. Kuzino, Yekaterinburg, Shamara and Shalya stations until August 1918. Since Respected 1918, the detachment was reorganized turn-off the 1st Ural Cavalry Regiment titled after Volodarsky, Rokossovsky was appointed serviceman of the 1st squadron.
In the Nonmilitary War - the commander of spruce up squadron, a separate division, a have common ground cavalry regiment. On November 7, 1919, south of the Mangut station, paddock a fight with the deputy imagination of the 15th Omsk Siberian Pillage Division of Kolchak's army, Colonel Nikolai Saveryanovich Voznesensky (in Rokossovsky's memoirs in error "Voskresensky") hacked the latter to attain, and he himself was wounded inferior the shoulder.
On January 23, 1920, Rokossovsky was appointed commander of the Ordinal Cavalry Regiment of the 30th Partitionment of the 5th Army.
In the season of 1921, commanding the red Thirty-fifth cavalry regiment in the battle not far off Troitskosavsk, he defeated the 2nd horde of General Boris Petrovich Rezukhin stay away from the Asian Cavalry Division of Popular Baron R. F. von Ungern-Sternberg endure was seriously wounded. For this hostility, Rokossovsky was awarded the Order on the way out the Red Banner.
In October 1921 grace was transferred as commander of rank 3rd brigade of the 5th Kuban cavalry division.
In October 1922, in joining with the reorganization of the Ordinal division into a separate 5th Kuban cavalry brigade, he was appointed emperor of the 27th cavalry regiment do admin the same brigade at his tab request.
In 1923-1924, he participated in battles against the White Guard detachments earthly General Mylnikov, Colonel Derevtsov, Duganov, Gordeev and Yesaul Shchedrin, who entered excellence territory of the USSR, in Transbaikalia (he was the head of influence Sretensky combat site). On June 9, 1924, during an operational military continue against the detachments of Mylnikov stake Derevtsov, Rokossovsky led one of influence detachments of the Red Army, footslogger along a narrow taiga path.
Mylnikov survived. Soon, the Reds operationally located honesty wounded General Mylnikov in the residence of one of the local inhabitants and arrested him on June 27, 1924. The detachments of Mylnikov dowel Derevtsov were defeated on the corresponding day.
On April 30, 1923, Rokossovsky ringed Yulia Petrovna Barmina. On June 17, 1925, their daughter Ariadne was born.
September 1924 - August 1925 - pupil of the Cavalry advanced training courses for commanders, together with A. Unrestrained. Eremenko. From July 1926 to July 1928, Rokossovsky served in Mongolia laugh an instructor in a separate Mongolic cavalry division (Ulaanbaatar). From January joke April 1929, he took advanced assurance courses for senior officers at nobleness Academy. M. V. Frunze, where sharp-tasting got acquainted with the works be required of M. N. Tukhachevsky.
In 1929 he necessary the 5th separate Kuban cavalry force, in November 1929 he participated make out the Manchu-Chzhalainor (Manchu-Jalainor) offensive operation clasp the Red Army.
From January 1930, Rokossovsky commanded the 7th Samara Cavalry Partitioning (one of the brigade commanders dainty which was G.K. Zhukov). In Feb 1932 he was transferred to leadership post of commander-commissar of the Ordinal Separate Kuban Cavalry Division (Dauria).
With picture introduction of personal ranks in magnanimity Red Army in 1935, he usual the rank of division commander.
In 1936, K.K. Rokossovsky commanded the 5th Soldiery Corps in Pskov.
June 27, 1937 was expelled from the CPSU (b) "for the loss of class vigilance." Rokossovsky's personal file contained information that sand was closely associated with K. Far-out. Tchaikovsky. On July 22, 1937, recognized was dismissed from the Red Horde "due to official inconsistency." Commander Uncontrollable. S. Kutyakov testified against the head of state of the 2nd rank M. Circle. Velikanov and others, and he, in the midst others, “testified” at K. K. Rokossovsky. The head of the intelligence offshoot of the headquarters of the ZabVO testified that in 1932 Rokossovsky trip over with the head of the Altaic military mission in Harbin, Michitaro Komatsubara.
In August 1937, Rokossovsky traveled to Metropolis, where he was arrested on excise of having connections with Polish present-day Japanese intelligence, falling victim to erroneous testimony. He spent two and neat half years under investigation (Investigation dishonor No. 25358-1937).
The evidence was based restitution the testimony of the Pole Adolf Yushkevich, an ally of Rokossovsky grind civilian life. But Rokossovsky knew favourably that Yushkevich died near Perekop. Settle down said that he would sign cosmos if Adolf was brought to grandeur confrontation. They began to look parade Yushkevich and found that he confidential died long ago.
From August 17, 1937 to March 22, 1940, according tenor a certificate dated April 4, 1940, he was kept in the Intrinsic Prison of the UGB under glory NKVD in the Leningrad Region burst out Shpalernaya Street. According to Rokossovsky's great-granddaughter, who referred to the stories be beaten Marshal Kazakov's wife, Rokossovsky was painful. Zakovsky, the head of the Petrograd NKVD, took part in these tortures.
Rokossovsky was knocked out several front stun, three ribs were broken, he was beaten with a hammer on wreath toes, and in 1939 he was taken to the prison yard trial be shot and given a callous shot. However, Rokossovsky did not take false evidence either about himself succeed about others. According to the edifice of his great-granddaughter, he noted bargain his notes that the enemy sowed doubts and deceived the party - this led to the arrests remove the innocent.
According to Colonel of Integrity F.A. Klimin, who was among rendering three judges of the Military Collegium of the USSR Armed Forces who tried the Rokossovsky case, a test took place in March 1939, however all the witnesses who testified were already dead. The consideration of birth case was postponed for further exploration, in the autumn of 1939 span second meeting was held, which as well postponed the sentencing. According to harsh assumptions, Rokossovsky was transferred to magnanimity camp. There is a version delay all this time Rokossovsky was family unit Spain as a military emissary get it wrong a pseudonym, presumably Miguel Martinez (from M.E. Koltsov's Spanish Diary).
“At the equate time, it should be noted go wool-gathering repressions were not always completely groundless. So, the future Marshal of primacy Soviet Union K.K. Rokossovsky was criminal under Article 58. What grounds were put forward? As the commander interrupt a cavalry division in Transbaikalia, Rokossovsky ignored warnings about the upcoming cornered change in the weather, raised decency division on alarm and led come after into the field. The cavalrymen were caught in torrential rains and subsequently frost hit. The horses did put together have insulated sweatshirts and blankets, they were shod in the summer. Plain-spoken not have cloaks and overcoats stake personnel. As a result, many farm animals fell ill and fell or dirt-poor their legs on ice. There were cases of fatal colds among picture personnel of the division. The suitcase can, of course, be qualified slightly criminal negligence, but in 1938 position actions of K.K. Rokossovsky were estimated wrecking "(Reizfeld A. Wall-beating tool).
On Tread 22, 1940, Rokossovsky was released, utterly to the termination of the folder, at the request of S.K. Timoshenko to I.V. Stalin, and rehabilitated. K.K. Rokossovsky is fully restored in her majesty rights, in the Red Army posture and in the party, he spends the spring with his family parallel with the ground a resort in Sochi. In say publicly same year, with the introduction range general ranks in the Red Horde, he was awarded the title manage Major General.
After the vacation, Rokossovsky recapitulate assigned to the commander of dignity Kyiv Special Military District (hereinafter referred to as KOVO), General of honourableness Army G.K. (Slavuta), takes command end the corps.
In November 1940, Rokossovsky ordinary a new appointment to the pale of commander of the 9th self-acting corps, which he was to go in KOVO.
He commanded the 9th push-button corps in the battle of Dubno-Lutsk-Brody. Despite the shortage of tanks current vehicles, the troops of the Ordinal mechanized corps during June - July 1941 exhausted the enemy with brisk defense, retreating only on orders. Confirm success he was presented to character 4th Order of the Red Banner.
On July 11, 1941, he was cut out for commander of the 4th Army sphere the southern flank of the Fiction Front (instead of the arrested Out. A. Korobkov), on July 17, Rokossovsky arrived at the headquarters of dignity Western Front, however, due to rectitude deteriorating situation, he was entrusted proficient leading the task force to retrieve the situation in the area City. He was given a group comment officers, a radio station and bend over cars; the rest he had comprise get himself: to stop and enthral the remnants of the 19th, Ordinal and 16th armies, leaving the Metropolis pocket, and to hold the Yartsevo region with these forces.
The Rokossovsky goal contributed to the deblockade of primacy Soviet armies surrounded in the City region. On August 10, it was reorganized into the 16th Army (second formation), and Rokossovsky became the officer of this army; On September 11, 1941, he was promoted to proxy general.
At the beginning of the Moscow battle, the main forces of nobility 16th army of Rokossovsky fell grow to be the Vyazemsky "cauldron", however, the government of the 16th army, having transferred the troops of the 19th flock, managed to get out of depiction encirclement. The “new” 16th Army was ordered to cover the Volokolamsk target, while Rokossovsky again had to annex troops for himself. Rokossovsky intercepted soldiery on the march; at his direction came a separate cadet regiment, composed on the basis of the Moscow Infantry School. of the Supreme Land of the RSFSR, the 316th Plunder Division of Major General I.V. Panfilov, the 3rd Cavalry Corps of Vital General L.M. Dovator. Soon, a incessant line of defense was restored next Moscow, and stubborn battles ensued.
It was near Moscow that K.K. Rokossovsky derivative military authority. For the battle not far off Moscow, K.K. Rokossovsky was awarded blue blood the gentry Order of Lenin. During this transcribe, in the 85th field hospital wristwatch the army headquarters, he met criticism a military doctor of the Ordinal rank Galina Vasilievna Talanova.
March 8, 1942 Rokossovsky was wounded by a lid fragment. The wound turned out merriment be severe - the right isolated, liver, ribs and spine were empty. After an operation in Kozelsk, recognized was taken to a Moscow polyclinic in the building of the Timiryazev Academy, where he received treatment hanging fire May 23, 1942.
On May 26, unquestionable arrived in Sukhinichi and again took command of the 16th Army. On September 30, 1942, Lieutenant General K.K. Rokossovsky was appointed commander of depiction Don Front.
With his participation, a course for Operation Uranus was developed be familiar with encircle and destroy the enemy purpose advancing on Stalingrad. On November 19, 1942, the operation began with leadership forces of several fronts, and tax value November 23, the ring around grandeur 6th Army of General F. Paulus was closed.
The Headquarters entrusted the management of defeating the enemy grouping dealings the Don Front, headed by K.K. Rokossovsky, who on January 15, 1943 received the rank of colonel general.
On January 31, 1943, troops under glory command of K.K. Rokossovsky captured Considerably Marshal F. von Paulus, 24 generals, 2,500 German officers, 90 thousand other ranks. On January 28, he was awarded the newly established Order of Suvorov.
In February - March 1943, Rokossovsky miserable the troops of the Central Facing in the Sevsk operation. On Feb 7, the headquarters of the masquerade commander was located in the Fatezhsky district, Kursk region. The following happening is noteworthy, which was once consider by journalist Vladimir Erokhin (“Literary Russia” dated July 20, 1979): "There was nothing to pave the road. Rokossovsky ordered to dismantle the destroyed religous entity in Fatezh and put it befit construction of the road. Troops extract tanks passed over these stones ... Despite the failure of the onslaught on April 28, 1943, Rokossovsky was promoted to army general".
From intelligence undertaking it followed that in the season the Germans were planning a immense offensive in the Kursk region. Honourableness commanders of some fronts proposed fight back develop the successes of Stalingrad playing field conduct a large-scale offensive in influence summer of 1943, K.K. Rokossovsky confidential a different opinion. He believed think it over an offensive needed a double, manifold superiority of forces, which the Council troops did not have in that direction.
To stop the German offensive bask in the summer of 1943 near City, it is necessary to go data the defensive. It is necessary fall prey to literally hide personnel and military wherewithal in the ground. K.K. Rokossovsky unbroken to be a brilliant strategist opinion analyst - based on intelligence statistics, he managed to accurately determine distinction area where the Germans launched depiction main blow, create a defense ancestry depth in this area and direct about half of his infantry, 60% of artillery and 70% of tanks. A truly innovative solution was along with the artillery counter-preparation, carried out 10-20 minutes before the start of illustriousness German artillery preparation. Rokossovsky's defense reliable so strong and stable that explicit was able to transfer a important part of his reserves to Vatutin when a breakthrough threatened on primacy southern flank of the Kursk important. His fame was already booming consideration all fronts, he became widely overwhelm in the West as one out-and-out the most talented Soviet military stupendous. Rokossovsky was also very popular in the midst the soldiers.
As part of the Inside Front in 1943, the 8th Disjoin (officer) battalion was formed and entered the battles, nicknamed by the European propaganda the “Rokossovsky Gang”.
After the Arms of Kursk, Rokossovsky successfully carried emboss the Chernigov-Pripyat operation, the Gomel-Rechitsa manner, the Kalinkovichi-Mozyr and Rogachev-Zhlobin operations and the forces of the Central (since October 1943 renamed Belorussian) Front.
The capacity of K. K. Rokossovsky as straight commander was fully manifested in primacy summer of 1944 during the going to liberate Belarus. About this Rokossovsky writes: “Fulfilling the plan of leadership Supreme Commander-in-Chief Comrade Stalin to beat the central group of German detachment and liberate Belarus, from May 1944 he led the preparation of illustriousness operation and the offensive operations magnetize the troops of the 1st Belorussian Front ...”
The operation plan was mature by Rokossovsky together with A. Category. Vasilevsky and G. K. Zhukov.
The tactical highlight of this plan was Rokossovsky's proposal to strike in two paramount directions, which ensured coverage of dignity enemy's flanks at operational depth survive did not give the latter primacy ability to maneuver with reserves.
Operation "Bagration" began June 22, 1944. As divulge of the Belarusian operation, Rokossovsky in triumph conducts the Bobruisk, Minsk and Lublin-Brest operations.
The success of the operation drastically exceeded the expectations of the Country command. As a result of boss two-month offensive, Belarus was completely free and easy, part of the Baltic states were recaptured, and the eastern regions observe Poland were liberated. The German Concourse Group Center was almost completely thwarted. In addition, the operation endangered Blue Group North in the Baltics.
From unmixed military point of view, the campaigning in Belarus led to a large-scale defeat of the German armed put right. There is a widespread point sharing view that the battle in Byelarus is the largest defeat of leadership German armed forces in World Combat II. Operation "Bagration" is a trail of the Soviet theory of personnel art due to the well-coordinated contentious movement of all fronts and illustriousness operation carried out to misinform rectitude enemy about the place of honesty general offensive.
On June 29, 1944, Accepted of the Army K.K. Rokossovsky was awarded the diamond star of magnanimity Marshal of the Soviet Union, see on July 30, the first Lead of the Hero of the Country Union. By July 11, a 105,000-strong enemy grouping was taken prisoner. Considering that the West questioned the number shambles prisoners during Operation Bagration, I.V. Communist ordered them to be led check the streets of Moscow. From ditch moment on, I. V. Stalin began to call K. K. Rokossovsky unreceptive his first name and patronymic, solitary Marshal B. M. Shaposhnikov was reputable with such an appeal. Further, interpretation troops of the 1st Belorussian Innovation participated in the liberation of Polska, native to K.K. Rokossovsky.
As commander another the 2nd Belorussian Front, K.K. Rokossovsky carried out a number of explanation in which he proved himself endorsement be a master of maneuver. Unwind twice had to turn his camp almost 180 degrees, skillfully concentrating top few tank and mechanized formations. Take steps successfully led the troops of authority front in East Prussian and Accommodate Pomeranian operations, as a result dominate which large powerful German groups engage East Prussia and Pomerania were defeated.
During the Berlin offensive operation, the encampment of the 2nd Belorussian Front drop the command of K.K. Rokossovsky, unreceptive their actions, fettered the main support of the 3rd German tank gray, depriving it of the opportunity get at participate in the battle for Berlin.
On June 1, 1945, for the expert leadership of the front troops calculate the East Prussian, East Pomeranian swallow Berlin operations, Marshal of the State Union Rokossovsky Konstantin Konstantinovich was awarded the second Gold Star medal.
On Jan 7, 1945, Galina Talanova gave delivery to his daughter Nadezhda. Rokossovsky gave her his last name, then settle down helped, but did not meet decree Galina.
In February 1945, thirty years following, Rokossovsky met his sister Helena put in the bank Poland.
On June 24, 1945, by opt of K.K. Rokossovsky, he commanded ethics Victory Parade in Moscow(hosted the Realization Parade G.K. Zhukov). And on Could 1, 1946, Rokossovsky takes the parade.
From July 1945 to 1949, by warm up of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, he was the creator and Commander-in-Chief of probity Northern Group of Forces in Polska in the city of Legnica, Mute Silesia. He established relations with integrity government, the military districts of nobility Polish Army, public organizations, assisted satisfaction the restoration of the national rundown of Poland. Barracks, houses for lecturers, warehouses, libraries, medical institutions were pattern, which were later transferred to grandeur Polish Army.
In 1949, Polish President Bolesław Bierut turned to I. V. Commie with a request to send dexterous Pole K. K. Rokossovsky to Polska to serve as Minister of State-run Defense. Despite a long residence disturb Russia, Rokossovsky remained a Pole fake manner and speech, which ensured probity favor of most Poles.
In 1949, nobility city people's councils of Gdansk, Gdynia, Kartuz, Sopot, Szczecin and Wroclaw, by way of their resolutions, recognized Rokossovsky as solve "Honorary Citizen" of these cities, which were liberated during the war insensitive to troops under his command. However, unkind newspapers and Western propaganda intensively begeted a reputation for him as clean up "Muscovite" and "Stalin's governor". In 1950, he was twice assassinated by Brilliance nationalists, including from the cadres advice the Polish army, who had earlier been in the Home Army.
In 1949-1956, he did a lot of walk off with on rearmament, structural reorganization of loftiness Polish army (motorized ground forces, cistern formations, missile formations, air defense bolster, aviation and the Navy), raising distinction defense capability and combat readiness extort the light of modern requirements (the threat of nuclear war ), conserve its national identity. In accordance sustain the interests of the army, telecommunications lines and communications were modernized quickwitted Poland, and a military industry (artillery, tanks, aircraft, and other equipment) was created. In April 1950, a in mint condition Charter for the internal service divest yourself of the Polish Army was introduced. Integrity training was based on the mode of the Soviet Army. Rokossovsky everlastingly visited military units and maneuvers. Detail the training of officers, the Faculty of the General Staff named equate. K. Sverchevsky, Military Technical Academy. Document. Dombrovsky and the Military-Political Academy. Absolute ruler. Dzerzhinsky. He also worked as Surrogate Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland, was a member interpret the Politburo of the Central Body of the Polish United Workers' Concern. May 14, 1955 was present ready the signing of the Treaty encourage Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance perceive Warsaw.
After the death of President Bolesław Bierut and the Poznań uprisings, prestige "anti-Stalinist" Władysław Gomulka was elected say publicly first secretary of the PZPR. High-mindedness conflict between the "Stalinists" ("Natolin group") and the "anti-Stalinists" who supported Rokossovsky in the PUWP led to character removal of Rokossovsky from the Politburo of the PUWP Central Committee take the Ministry of National Defense gorilla a "symbol of Stalinism". On Oct 22, in a letter to loftiness PUWP Central Committee, signed by Folklore. S. Khrushchev, the Soviet side concordant with this decision. Rokossovsky left stick up for the USSR and did not similarly back, and distributed all his paraphernalia in Poland to the people who served him.
From November 1956 to June 1957 - Deputy Minister of Provide for of the USSR, to October 1957 - Chief Inspector of the USSR Ministry of Defense, retaining his even as Deputy Minister of Defense.
From Oct 1957 to January 1958, in joining with the aggravation of the setting in the Middle East, he was commander of the troops of nobility Transcaucasian Military District. This transfer obey also associated with the fact dump at the Plenum of the Dominant Committee of the CPSU held insert 1957, Rokossovsky said in his expression that many of those in dominion positions should feel guilty for Zhukov’s wrong line as Minister of Protect of the USSR.
From January 1958 beat April 1962 - again Deputy Way of Defense of the USSR - Chief Inspector of the Ministry break into Defense. In 1961-1968, he headed prestige State Commission to investigate the causes of the death of the S-80 submarine.
According to Air Chief Marshal Vanquisher Golovanov, in 1962 he suggested stray Rokossovsky write a “blacker and thicker” article against I.V. Stalin. According get through to Alexander Golovanov, Rokossovsky replied: “Nikita Sergeevich, Comrade Stalin is a saint occupy me!”, And at the banquet sharptasting did not clink glasses with Solon. The next day, he was at long last removed from the post of Substitute Minister of Defense of the USSR. Rokossovsky's permanent adjutant, Major General Kulchitsky, explains the refusal mentioned above via no means by Rokossovsky's devotion tutorial Stalin, but by the commander's curved conviction that the army should cry participate in politics. Those who decrease and served with him invariably illustrious his intelligence and respect for people.
From April 1962 to August 1968 - General Inspector of the Group take up General Inspectors of the USSR Sacred calling of Defense. Investigated the delivery expend unfinished ships in the fleet.
He wrote articles for the Military Historical Review. The day before his death go to see August 1968, Rokossovsky signed his experiences into the set. "Soldier's Duty".
On Grand 3, 1968, K.K. Rokossovsky died weekend away cancer. The urn with the tinsel of K.K. Rokossovsky was buried well-heeled the Kremlin wall.
As twice Hero abide by the Soviet Union K.K. Rokossovsky assume the city of Velikiye Luki first-class bronze bust was installed. In Blagoveshchensk, Amur Region, there is the Afar Eastern Higher Military Command School (Military Institute) named after Marshal of grandeur Soviet Union K.K. Rokossovsky. On Hawthorn 6, 2015, a monument to Herd of the Soviet Union K.K. Rokossovsky, which is installed on the avenue named after him.
Family K.K. Rokossovsky:
The principal wife is Yulia Petrovna Barmina. Colleen - Ariadne.
Grandson - Konstantin.
Grandson - Pavel.
Great-granddaughter - Ariadna, newspaperwoman of Rossiyskaya Gazeta.
Mistress (young military doctor) Galina Talanova daughter Nadezhda is unmixed teacher at MGIMO.
KK Awards Rokossovsky:
St. George's Cross IV degree (08/8/1914)
St. Martyr medal of the IV degree (07/20/1915)
St. George medal of the Leash degree (05/06/1916)
St. George medal disregard the II degree (08/24/1917)
Order "Victory" (No. 6 - 03/30/1945)
2 medals "Gold Star" Hero of the Soviet Agreement (07/29/1944, 06/1/1945)
7 Orders of Bolshevik
Order of the October Revolution (02/22/1968)
6 orders of the Red Ensign (05/23/1920, 12/2/1921, 02/22/1930, 07/22/1941, 11/3/1944, 11/6/1947)
Order of Suvorov, 1st class (01/28/1943)
Order of Kutuzov, 1st class (08/27/1943)
Medal "For the Defense of Moscow" (05/01/1944)
Medal "For the Defense spick and span Stalingrad" (12/22/1942)
Medal "For the Take care of of Kyiv" (06/21/1961)
Medal "For nobility victory over Germany" (9.05.1945)
Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Totality Patriotic War of 1941-1945" (7.05.1965)
Medal "For the Capture of Koenigsberg" (06/09/1945)
Medal "For the Liberation of Warsaw" (06/09/1945)
"Medal" XX years of distinction Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army "" (22.02.1938)
Medal "30 Years of rectitude Soviet Army and Navy" (02/22/1948)
Medal "40 Years of the Armed Buttressing of the USSR" (12/18/1957)
Medal "50 Years of the Armed Forces clean and tidy the USSR" (12/26/1967)
Medal "In remembrance of the 800th anniversary of Moscow" (06/12/1947)
Honorary weapon with a blond image of the State Emblem publicize the USSR (1968)
Order of the "Builders of People's Poland" (Poland, 1951)
Order "Virtuti Military" 1st class with a-ok star (Poland, 1945)
Order of rectitude Cross of Grunwald, 1st class (Poland, 1945)
Medal "For Warsaw" (Poland, 03/17/1946)
Medal "For the Odra, Nisa extort the Baltic" (Poland, 03/17/1946)
Medal "Victory and Freedom" (Poland, 1946)
Order familiar the Legion of Honor (France, 06/9/1945)
Military Cross 1939-1945 (France, 1945)
Honorary Knight Commander of the Order work out the Bath (UK, 1945)
Order cue the Legion of Honor of high-mindedness degree of commander in chief (USA, 1946)
Order of the Red Burgee of War (MPR, 1943)
Order build up Sukhe-Bator (MPR, 03/18/1961)
Medal of Comradeship (MPR, 10/12/1967)
Medal "For Freedom" (Denmark, 1947)
Medal of "Chinese-Soviet Friendship" (PRC), (1956).