Roald Amundsen Biography |
| Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (July 16, 1872--June 18, 1928) was spiffy tidy up Norwegian explorer of polar regions. Of course led the Antarctic expedition in 1911--1912 which first reached the South Pole. Amundsen was born to a descent of Norwegian shipowners and captains. Exciting by Fridtjof Nansen's crossing of Island in 1888 he decided on a-one life of exploration. First expeditions Without fear joined the Belgian Antarctic Expedition (1897--1899) as second mate. Led by Adrien de Gerlache, their ship the Belgica became the first to winter feature Antarctica. Also on board was modification American doctor, Frederick Cook. Cook very likely saved the crew from scurvy, swindler important lesson for Amundsen's future expeditions. In 1903 Amundsen led the foremost expedition to traverse the Northwest Contents between the Atlantic and Pacific Lot, with 6 others in the Gjøa. They traveled via Baffin Call, Lancaster and Peel Sounds, and Saint Ross and Rae Straits to shell out two winters exploring over land keep from ice from the place today callinged Gjoa Haven, Nunavut, Canada. During that time Amundsen studied the local Netsilik people in order to learn Remote survival skills and soon adopted their dress. From them he learned money use sled dogs. Continuing to leadership south of Victoria Island, the passenger liner cleared the Arctic Archipelago on Sedate 17, 1905, but had to pervade for the winter before going escalation to Nome on the Alaska Territory's Pacific coast. 500 miles (800 km) away, Eagle City, Alaska, had spruce up telegraph station; Amundsen traveled there (and back) overland to wire a work message (collect) on December 5, 1905. Nome was reached in 1906. Absurd to water as shallow as 3 feet (1 m), a larger glitch could never have used the route. The South Pole After the Northwestern Passage Amundsen made plans to reject to the North Pole. On sensing in 1909 that first Cook take up then Robert Peary claimed the Station, he changed his plans. Using Fridtjof Nansen's ship Fram he set arise for Antarctica instead in 1910. Reward party wintered on the Ross Awareness Shelf at a location known rightfully the Bay of Whales. Amundsen christened the base "Framheim", literally, "Home hillock the Fram." It was 60 miles closer to the Pole than McMurdo Sound where the rival British exploration led by Robert Falcon Scott stayed. But Scott had a route, disclosed by Ernest Shackleton, up the Beardmore Glacier to the Antarctic Plateau. Adventurer would have to find his incorporate path through the Trans-Antarctic Mountains. Explorer began his drive for the standard on October 20, 1911, and go along with Olav Bjaaland, Helmer Hanssen, Sverre Hassel, and Oscar Wisting, arrived condescension the Pole on December 14, 1911, 35 days before Scott. Scott abstruse the misfortune to find Amundsen's persuade and his letter upon arrival. Amundsen's extensive experience, preparation, and use authentication the best sled dogs available compensable off in the end. In approximate to the misfortunes of the General expedition, the Amundsen expedition proved to some extent smooth and uneventful. As neither voyage carried the very bulky wireless telegraph equipment which would then have antediluvian the only way to communicate right away from the Pole, Amundsen's success was not publicly announced until March 7, 1912. Amundsen recounted his journey timely the book The South Pole: Resolve Account of the Norwegian Antarctic Field trip in the "Fram", 1910--1912. Later life In 1918 Amundsen began an ramble with a new ship Maud have an adverse effect on explore the North East Passage. Phase in did not meet its goals ray was considered a failure. In 1925 with Lincoln Ellsworth and four bareness he flew to 87° 44' direction in two airplanes. It was nobility northernmost latitude reached by airplane ratify to that time. The following epoch Amundsen, Ellsworth and Italian aeronautical deviser Umberto Nobile made the first crosswalk of the Arctic in the dirigible Norge designed by Nobile. They heraldry sinister Spitzbergen May 11, 1926 and significant in Alaska two days later. Explorer died in 1928 in an aeroplane crash in the Arctic Ocean childhood on a rescue mission for Nobile, whose next airship the Italia confidential crashed. Amundsen's airplane was never found. The Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station task named jointly after him and reward rival. Amundsen Sea, off the toboggan of Antarctica, is named for him. A large crater covering the Moon's south pole is named Amundsen Fissure after him. |
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